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Who runs my commands?

You don't have to specify the user who should run the commands. They are executed with the user's own permissions by default.



4.5. Summary

Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that has a UNIX-like way of handling processes. Execution speed of commands can depend on a thousand tiny things. Among others, we learned a lot of new commands to visualize and handle processes. Here's a list:


Table 4-3. New commands in chapter 4: Processes


Command

Meaning

at

Queue jobs for later execution.

atq

Lists the user's pending jobs.

atrm

Deletes jobs, determined by their job number.

batch

Executes commands when system load level permits.

crontab

Maintain crontab files for individual users.

halt

Stop the system.

init run level

Process control initialization.

jobs

Lists currently executing jobs.

kill

Terminate a process.

mesg

Control write access to your terminal.

netstat

Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast memberships.

nice

Run a program with modified scheduling priority.

pgrep

Display processes.


ps

Report process status.

pstree

Display a tree of processes.

reboot

Stop the system.

renice

Alter priority of running processes.

shutdown

Bring the system down.

sleep

Delay for a specified time.

time

Time a command or report resource usage.

top

Display top CPU processes.

uptime

Show how long the system has been running.

vmstat

Report virtual memory statistics.

w

Show who is logged on and what they are doing.

wall

Send a message to everybody's terminals.

who

Show who is logged on.

write

Send a message to another user.



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