ืื ื’ืœื™ืชืฆืจืคืชื™ืชืกืคืจื“ื™

ืกืžืœ OnWorks

commandposix - ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืŸ

ื”ืคืขืœ commandposix ื‘ืกืคืง ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืฉืœ OnWorks ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืคื“ื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” commandposix ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Ubuntu Online, Fedora Online, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ืชึธื›ึฐื ึดื™ืช:

ืฉืึตื


ืคืงื•ื“ื” - ื‘ืฆืข ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”

ืชึทืงืฆึดื™ืจ


ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” [-ืขืž'] command_name [ื˜ืขื ื”...]

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” [-ืขืž'][โˆ’v|โˆ’V] command_name

ืชื™ืื•ืจ


ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืขื˜ืคืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.9.1.1, ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ, ืคืจื™ื˜ 1ื‘.

ืื command_name ื–ื”ื” ืœืฉื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื”
ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.14, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ื™-
In ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ. ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืื command_name ืื™ื ื• ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื
ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”, ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” (ืœืœื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช) ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ื›ืืฉืจ โˆ’v or โˆ’V ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ื” ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฉื ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืชืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช.

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช


ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืื™ื ืœื ืคื— ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ POSIX.1-2008, ืกืขื™ืฃ
12.2, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื™ืชืžื›ื•:

-ืขืž' ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—
ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื.

โˆ’v ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืœืคืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ืื• ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช (ืจืื”
ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.12, ืคึผึธื’ึธื– ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”), ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ command_name, ืื‘ืœ ืœื
ืœืขื•ืจืจ command_name.

* ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, command_names ื›ื•ืœืœ ื
ืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”-
ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื” (ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.9.1.1, ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื•
ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ), ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื.

* ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช, ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื ืชื™ื‘ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›
ืจืง ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

* ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•
ื”ึทื’ื“ึธืจึธื”.

* ืื—ืจืช, ืœื ื™ื™ื›ืชื‘ ืคืœื˜ ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื™ืฉืงืฃ ื–ืืช
ื”ืฉื ืœื ื ืžืฆื.

โˆ’V ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืœืคืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘-
command_name ื”ืื•ืคืจื ื“ ื™ืชืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื”, ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข (ืจืื” ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.12, ืคึผึธื’ึธื– ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”), ืื‘ืœ ืชืขืฉื”
ืœื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ command_name. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื”ื•ื
ื™ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช command_name ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ:

* ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ
ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื” (ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ
2.9.1.1, ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ), ื™ื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ื›ื–ื” ื•
ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช.

* ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ื›ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.

* ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ื›ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘-
ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช.

* ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ.

* ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ-a ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. (ื”ืžื•ื ื— ``ืจื’ื™ืœ'' ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.)

* ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช.

ืื•ืคืจื ื“ื™ื


ื”ืื•ืคืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืชืžื›ื™ื:

ื˜ืขื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื›ืืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืœ command_name.

command_name
ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

STDIN


ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.

ืงืœื˜ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื


ืื™ืŸ.

ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช


ืžืฉืชื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”:

ืฉืคื” ืกืคืง ืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืื•
ืจื™ืง. (ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื›ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ POSIX.1-2008, ืกืขื™ืฃ 8.2,
ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื
ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.)

LC_ALL ืื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืœืขืจืš ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืœื ืจื™ืงื”, ืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื
ืžืฉืชื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื.

LC_CTYPE ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜
ื›ืชื•ื•ื™ื (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘
ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื).

LC_MESSAGES
ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ
ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื•
ืœืชืคื•ืงื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.

NLSPATH ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ LC_MESSAGES.

ื ืชื™ื‘ ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ
2.9.1.1, ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ืชื—ืช ื” -ืขืž' ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

ืืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื


ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืจึทืช ืžึถื—ื“ึธืœ.

STDOUT


ื›ืืฉืจ โˆ’v ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื™ื ื”, ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื™ืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›:

"%s\n", <ืฉื ื ืชื™ื‘ or ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”>

ื›ืืฉืจ โˆ’V ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื™ื ื”, ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื™ืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›:

"%s\n", <ืฉืœื ืคื•ืจื˜ื•>

STDERR


ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืชืฉืžืฉ ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ.

ืชืคื•ืงื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื


ืื™ืŸ.

ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ


ืื™ืŸ.

ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึธื” ืกื˜ึธื˜ื•ึผืก


ื›ืืฉืจ โˆ’v or โˆ’V ื™ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื•:

0 ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช.

>0 ื” command_name ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืื• ืื™ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื™ืื”.

ืื—ืจืช, ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื•:

126 ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ command_name ื ืžืฆื ืืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœื•.

127 ืื™ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘- ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ command_name
ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื.

ืื—ืจืช, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช OF ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช


ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืจึทืช ืžึถื—ื“ึธืœ.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืึดื™ื ืคื•ึนืจืžึธื˜ึดื™ื‘ึดื™.

ื‘ืงืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’


ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื. ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ื–ื”ื” ืœ-a
Utility ืœืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช (ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”).

ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช getconf; ืื•ืœื ืžืื– getconf ืื•ืœื™ ืฆืจื™ืš
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” -ืขืž' getconf ื ืชื™ื‘

ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” Exec > ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘

ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคืœื˜
ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”, env, nohup, ื–ืžืŸ, ื• ืงืกืืจื’ืก ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื™ืฆื™ืื”
127 ืื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ``ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช''
ืžืชื•ืš ``ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื™ืฆื ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื”''. ื”ืขืจืš 127 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ
ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช; ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ืจื’ื™ืœ".
ืชื ืื™ ืฉื’ื™ืื”'' ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืขืœ 128 ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ืขืงื‘
ืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืช. ื”ืขืจืš 126 ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•. ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 126 ื•-127 ื”ืžืงืจื™ื. ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืื” 126 ื•-127 ื”ื™ื
ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืœ KornShell ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-127 ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช Exec ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื›ืฉืœ ืขื
[ENOENT], ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-126 ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช Exec ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื ื›ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช.

ืžืื– โˆ’v ื• โˆ’V ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ืคืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืงืœื™ืคื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ืื ื–ื”
ื ืงืจื ื‘-subshell ืื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื”-
ื”ื‘ื:

(PATH=foo ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” -v)
nohup ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” โˆ’v

ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขื nohup ืื•
Exec ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ืœื
ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืืœื” ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื
ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.9.1.1, ืคื™ืงื•ื“
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ
ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืœื—ืคืฉ. ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”
โˆ’v ื ึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ /bin/true ืื• ืฉื ื ืชื™ื‘ ื“ื•ืžื”. ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื—ืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ
ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื— ื–ื” ืฉืœ POSIX.1-2008 ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื-
ins ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื™ืš ืืœื™ื”ื. ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื˜ ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื›
ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื (ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื). ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื Execing
ืื•ืชื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื nohup, ืขื•ืงืฃ ืื•ืชื ืขื ืฉื•ื ื” ื ืชื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช


1. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ cd ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ืคื™ืก ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช:

CD() {
ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” cd "$@" > / dev / null
pwd
}

2. ื”ืชื—ืœ ืขื ``ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—'' ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ื ืžื ืข ืžื–ื™ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ื”ื•ึนืจึถื”:

IFS='
'
# ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืขืจืš ืฆืจื™ืš be .
# ืœืงื‘ื•ืข IFS ืœ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขืจืš.

\unalias โˆ’a
# ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
# ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉ-unalias ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ื™ื ื•ื™
# ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™.

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” unset โˆ’f
# ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.

PATH="$(command โˆ’p getconf PATH):$PATH"
# ืฉื™ืžื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช PATH ืืžื™ื ื”.

#...

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘, ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜
ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“. ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื”
ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื
ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืขืœ; ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื
ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจืš ื–ื” ืฉืœ POSIX.1-2008, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ENV ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืขื ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ-
ืœืžืขืœื” ืชืกืจื™ื˜. ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื.

Rationalale


ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš? ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืœืคื ื™ ื”- ื ืชื™ื‘ ืœื—ืคืฉ.

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืจืžื– ืฉืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžื ื•ืชื—ืช ื›ืœ
ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”:

ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” a | b ; c

ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืชื— ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื’ื•ืจื '|' or ';' ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ
ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื• ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช b or c.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืœืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ
since ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ, ื”ืฉื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื”
ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืกื•ืคืง ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื–ื” ืœื ืจืฉื•ื
ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:

* ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ืžึฐื™ื•ึผืชึธืจ.

* ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช (ืจืื” ืกืขื™ืฃ 2.14, ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”
ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช) ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื ื™ื™ื
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ:

ื ืชื•ื ื™ื > ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘

ืชืืจื™ืš ืคืงื•ื“ื” > ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘

ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™; ื‘ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช
ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืชื‘ื˜ืœ. ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืกืžื ื˜ื™ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ืชืคืก ื›ืœื ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื -ืขืž' ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื™
ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ื”ื” ืœื–ื”
ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืžื” Exec ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ื ืคื— ืžืžืฉืงื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ
POSIX.1-2008) ืžืชื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช
ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื’ืจืกื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ getconf ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.

ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” โˆ’v ื• โˆ’V ื ื•ืกืคื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ
ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ืกื•ื’ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช V
ืฆื“ืฃ, ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจื ืฉืœ, ื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช C. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™
ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืืŸ, ื”-POSIX ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•
ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืžืขื˜ืคืช C ืืฉืจ ืจืง ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื“ืจืš
ืœื—ืคืฉ. ื”ืงื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
POSIX, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘, ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช.

ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœ โˆ’V ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•
ืงื”ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”; ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœ โˆ’v ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ โˆ’V ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื•ืงืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื.

FUTURE ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื


ืื™ืŸ.

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-commandposix ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ onworks.net


ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช Windows & Linux

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  • 2
    Boost C ++ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช
    Boost C ++ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช
    Boost ืžืกืคืง ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
    ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช C++ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื. ื”
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    GPU ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืจืช ื•ืžืžื™ืจ ืืช
    ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืœื–ืจื ื•ื™ื“ืื•
    ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ...
    ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช VirtualGL
  • 4
    libusb
    libusb
    ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
    ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื™ืชืŸ
    ื”ืชืงื ื™ USB. ืงื”ืœ: ืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ืกื•ืฃ
    ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื/ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฉืคืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช: C.
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    ืœึฐื’ึดื™ืžึธื” ืึฒืจื•ึผื›ึผึธื”
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