ืื ื’ืœื™ืชืฆืจืคืชื™ืชืกืคืจื“ื™

ืกืžืœ OnWorks

nsupdate - ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืŸ

ื”ืคืขืœ ืืช nsupdate ื‘ืกืคืง ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืฉืœ OnWorks ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืคื“ื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” nsupdate ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Ubuntu Online, Fedora Online, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ืชึธื›ึฐื ึดื™ืช:

ืฉืึตื


nsupdate - ื›ืœื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ DNS ื“ื™ื ืžื™

ืชึทืงืฆึดื™ืจ


ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ [-d] [-D] [-L ืจึธืžึธื”] [[-g] | [-o] | [-l] | [-y [hmac:]ืฉื ืžืคืชื—:ืกื•ื“] |
[-k ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืคืชื—]] [-t ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ] [-u ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ื•ืจ] [-r ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช] [-R randomdev] [-v]
[-T] [-P] [-V] [ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ]

ืชื™ืื•ืจ


ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ DNS ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘-RFC 2136 ืœืฉื
ืฉืจืช. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืœืœื ื™ื“ื ื™
ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขื•ื“
ืžืืฉืจ ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืื—ืช.

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืจืช DHCP ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ื™ื“. ืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘
ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื ืฉืœื—ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื–ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”-MNAME
ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžืช SOA ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืช ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”-DNS ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื. ืืœื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-
ืกื•ื’ ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ TSIG ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘-RFC 2845 ืื• ื‘- SIG(0) ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘-RFC 2535
ื•-RFC 2931 ืื• GSS-TSIG ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘-RFC 3645.

TSIG ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืจืง ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช.
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืชืื™ื ืžืคืชื— ื• ืฉืจืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• /etc/named.conf ื›ื“ื™ ืฉ
ืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”-IP
ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืช TSIG. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ddns-confgen
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืขื™ ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ -y or -k ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœ
ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ TSIG. ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืกื•ืชืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•.

SIG(0) ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืฆืคื ืช ืžืคืชื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘- a SIGืžืคืชื— (0), ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ื•
ืจืฉื•ืžืช KEY ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช.

GSS-TSIG ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ Kerberos. ืžืฆื‘ GSS-TSIG ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขื -g
ื“ึถื’ึถืœ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ GSS-TSIG ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืืช Windows 2000
ื”ืœืื” ืขื -o ื“ื’ืœ.

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช


-d
ืžืฆื‘ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช
ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช.

-D
ืžืฆื‘ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ.

-k ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืคืชื—
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืคืชื— ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช TSIG. ืงื‘ืฆื™ ืžืคืชื— ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื: ื
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื ื‘ืฉื.ืงื•ื ืฃ-ืคื•ึผืจืžึธื˜ ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ
ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ddns-confgen, ืื• ื–ื•ื’ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜
K{name}.+157.+{ืืงืจืื™}.ืžืคืชื— ื• K{name}.+157.+{ืืงืจืื™}.ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
by dnssec-keygen. ื” -k ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื SIG(0) ืžืคืชื— ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช
ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ DNS ื“ื™ื ืžื™. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืชื— HMAC-MD5.

-l
ืžืฆื‘ ืžืืจื— ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืจืช ืœ-localhost (ืžืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืฉืจืช
ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืจืช). ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื•
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืคืชื— TSIG ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ /var/run/named/session.key, ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
by ื‘ืฉื ืื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืืกื˜ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืขื ื”- -k ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

-L ืจึธืžึธื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืจืžืช ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื. ืื ืืคืก, ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช.

-p ื ืžืœ
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ืฉืžื•ืช. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื 53.

-P
ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืœ-BIND ืฉื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ. ืจืื• ื’ื ืืช -T ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

-r ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ UDP. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื 3. ืื ืืคืก, ืจืง ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื—ืช ืชื”ื™ื”
ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™.

-R randomdev
ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช. ืื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื / dev / ืืงืจืื™ or
ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš, ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืœืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ืžืงืœื“ืช. randomdev
ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืชื• ืื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ. ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืงืœื“ืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงืœื˜ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžืฉ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.

-t ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ
ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื˜ืœ. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื 300
ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืคืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘.

-T
ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ IANA ืฉื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืคืกืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ื” -T ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื -P ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "TYPEXXXXX" ื›ืืฉืจ "XXXXX" ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”-
ื”ืงืœื“ ืœืœื ืืคืกื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื. ื”-rdata, ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ื ื•ืชื—ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช UNKNOWN
ืคื•ืจืžื˜ rdata, ( ).

-u ืคืกืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ื•ืจ
ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ UDP. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื 3 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ืืคืก, ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช UDP ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื.

-v
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-TCP ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-UDP ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ
ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื ืื ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉืช UDP ืฉื‘ื”
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-TCP. TCP ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ.

-V
ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื•ืฆื.

-y [hmac:]ืฉื ืžืคืชื—:ืกื•ื“
ืžืคืชื— ืื™ืžื•ืช TSIG ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™. ืฉื ืžืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžืคืชื—, ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ืื ื”
ืกื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืงื•ื“ื“ base64. hmac ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ืžืคืชื—; ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงืคื•ืช
ื”ื hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256, hmac-sha384, ืื• hmac-sha512. ืื
hmac ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื hmac-md5.

ื”ืขืจื”: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ -y ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืกื•ืคืง ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื
ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืœื˜ ืž ps(1) ืื•
ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืžืชื•ื—ื–ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.

ืงืœื˜ ืคื•ืจืžื˜


ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื ืงืœื˜ ืž ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื• ืงืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™. ื›ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
ืฉื•ืจื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื˜. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื”ืฆ'ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืงื‘ืขื•
ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืฉื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื (RRset) ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ื ืขื“ืจ
ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืื ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื” ืชืฆืœื™ื—.
ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื—ื• ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืงื“ื ื™ื™ื›ืฉืœื•.

ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืืคืก ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืืคืก ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ึถื”
ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืžืชืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ
ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ืฉื•ืจืช ืงืœื˜ ืจื™ืงื” (ืื• ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”)
ื’ื•ืจื ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื— ื›ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ DNS ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื
ืฉืจืช.

ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:

ืฉืจืช {servername} [ื™ืฆื™ืื”]
ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื ืกืจื‘ืจื ื”. ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืช
ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื— ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ
ืึตื–ื•ึนืจ. ื”ืฉื“ื” MNAME ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžืช SOA ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•
ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื ืžืœ ื ืžืฆื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉื ืกืจื‘ืจื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™
ืœื”ื™ืฉืœื—. ืื ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”-DNS ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ 53.

ืžืงื•ืžื™ {address} [ื ืžืœ]
ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
ื‘ืชื ืื™, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื— ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
ื ืžืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื ืžืœ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื ืžืœ
ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฆื” ืื—ื“.

ืื–ื•ืจ {zonename}
ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ืื–ื•ืจ. ืื ืœื ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื”
ืžืกื•ืคืง, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ
ืฉืืจ ื”ืงืœื˜.

ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” {ืฉื ื›ื™ืชื”}
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ. ืื ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื IN.

Ttl {ืฉื ื™ื•ืช}
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช. ื”ืขืจืš ืืฃ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืชื ืงื”
ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ttl.

ืžืคืชื— [hmac:] {ืฉื ืžืคืชื—} {ืกื•ื“}
ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘-TSIG ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”- ืฉื ืžืคืชื— ืกื•ื“ ื–ื•ื’. ืื
hmac ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ; ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื hmac-md5.
ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืคืชื— ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืขื•ืงืคืช ื›ืœ ืžืคืชื— ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” via -y or -k.

gsstsig
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-GSS-TSIG ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ -g ืขืœ
ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

oldgsstsig
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืช Windows 2000 ืฉืœ GSS-TSIG ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ. ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœ
ืžืคืจื˜ -o ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ืชื—ื•ื {[realm_name]}
ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-GSS-TSIG ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื_ืžืžืœื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื‘ krb5.conf. ืื ืœื
ืžืžืœื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ื ืžื—ืง.

[ืงื•ื“ื] nxdomain {ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ}
ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืขื ืฉื ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ.

[ืงื•ื“ื] yxdomain {ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ}
ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื (ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ ืื—ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื).

[ืงื•ื“ื] nxrrset {domain-name} [ืžืขืžื“] {type}
ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื• ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
If ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉืžื˜, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— IN (ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜).

[ืงื•ื“ื] yxrrset {domain-name} [ืžืขืžื“] {type}
ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื• ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš
ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉืžื˜, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื— IN (ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜).

[ืงื•ื“ื] yxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type} {ื ืชื•ื ื™ื...}
ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœืง ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืกื•ื’, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ื•
ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ RRs. ืกื˜ ื–ื” ืฉืœ RRs ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœ
ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช RRs ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ื• ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ. ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ RDATA ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.

[ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ] ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง] {domain-name} [ttl] [class] [ืกื•ื’ [ื ืชื•ื ื™ื...]]
ืžื•ื—ืง ื›ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ. ืื ืกื•ื’ ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืง, ื‘ืœื‘ื“
ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืจื•. ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” is
ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืง. ื” Ttl ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืื™ืžื•ืช.

[ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ] ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ {domain-name} {ttl} [ื›ื™ืชื”] {ืกื•ื’} {ื ืชื•ื ื™ื...}
ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืฉื•ืžืช ืžืฉืื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ Ttl, ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

ืœึฐื”ึทืฆึดื™ื’
ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื
ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžืื– ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.

ืœืฉืœื•ื—
ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœื”ื–ื ืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืจื™ืงื”.

ืœืขื ื•ืช
ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ื‘ืื’ื™ื
ื”ืคืขืœ ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื.

ื’ืจืกื”
ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกื” ืœื”ื“ืคืกื”.

ืœืขื–ื•ืจ
ื”ื“ืคืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื”-ืคืกื™ืง ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ืŸ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช


ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
ืž example.com ืึตื–ื•ึนืจ. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืจื™ืง ืขื•ืงืฃ
ืฉื•ืจื” ื›ืš ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืฉืœื—ืช ื›ื‘ืงืฉืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืžืืกื˜ืจ
ืฉืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ example.com.

# nืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ
> ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืง oldhost.example.com ื
> ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืฃ newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
> ืœืฉืœื•ื—

ื›ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช A ืขื‘ื•ืจ oldhost.example.com ื ืžื—ืงื™ื. ื•ืฉื™ื A ืขื‘ื•ืจ newhost.example.com
ืขื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช IP 172.16.1.1 ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ TTL ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ (1
ืฉื ื™ื•ืช).

# nืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ
> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
> ืขื“ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืฃ nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
> ืœืฉืœื•ื—

ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉืจืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘
ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจ nickname.example.com. ืื ื™ืฉ, ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื›ืฉืœืช. ืื
ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื, CNAME ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”-CNAME ื ืžืฆื
ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘-RFC 1034 ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื
ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืื—ืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›-CNAME. (ื”ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ
DNSSEC ื‘-RFC 2535 ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœ-CNAME ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช RRSIG, DNSKEY ื•-NSEC.)

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-nupdate ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ onworks.net


ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช Windows & Linux

  • 1
    unitedrpms
    unitedrpms
    ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื’ื™ื˜ืจ!
    https://gitter.im/unitedrpms-people/Lobby
    ื”ืคืขืœ ืืช ืžืื’ืจ URPMS ื‘-
    ืžืขืจื›ืช -
    https://github.com/UnitedRPMs/unitedrpms.github.io/bl...
    ื”ื•ืจื“ unitedrpms
  • 2
    Boost C ++ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช
    Boost C ++ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช
    Boost ืžืกืคืง ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
    ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช C++ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื. ื”
    ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืฉืจ
    ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ C++.
    ืจืื” http://www.bo...
    ื”ื•ืจื“ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช Boost C++
  • 3
    VirtualGL
    VirtualGL
    VirtualGL ืžืคื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืž-a
    ื™ื™ืฉื•ื Unix/Linux OpenGL ืขืœ a
    GPU ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืจืช ื•ืžืžื™ืจ ืืช
    ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ ืœื–ืจื ื•ื™ื“ืื•
    ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ...
    ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืช VirtualGL
  • 4
    libusb
    libusb
    ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
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