create-native-map - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

create-native-map - C/C# Mapping Creator

SYNOPSIS

create-native-map [OPTIONS]* ASSEMBLY-FILE-NAME OUPUT-PREFIX

OPTIONS

--autoconf-header=HEADER
HEADER is a header file name in the syntax typically used with the C #include
statement, e.g. #include <stdio.h> or #include "local.h" .

An Autoconf-formatted macro is generated from the include name, and a #include
directive is wrapped within a #ifdef block for the Autoconf macro within the
generated .c file.

For example, --autoconf-header=<stdio.h> would generate the code:

#ifndef HAVE_STDIO_H
#include <stdio.h>
#endif /* ndef HAVE_STDIO_H */

--autoconf-member=MEMBER
Specify that any access to MEMBER should be wrapped within a #ifdef HAVE_MEMBER
block. MEMBER can be either a field-name or a class-name . field-name
combination.

For example, given the C# declaration:

[Mono.Unix.Native.Map ("struct dirent")]
struct Dirent {
public long d_off;
}

then --autoconf-member=d_off would generate the code similar to:

int
ToDirent (struct dirent *from, struct Dirent *to)
{
#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_OFF
to->d_off = from->d_off;
#endif /* ndef HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_OFF */
}

--exclude-native-symbol=SYMBOL
SYMBOL is a [DllImport] -marked method that should not have a prototype generated
for it.

--impl-header=HEADER
Insert a #include statement within the generated .c file for HEADER .

For example, --impl-header=<stdlib.h> generates

#include <stdlib.h>

--impl-macro=MACRO
Insert a #define statement within the generated .c file. MACRO can contain a = to
separate the macro name from the macro value.

For example, --impl-macro=FOO=42 generates

#define FOO 42

--library=LIBRARY
Create prototypes for [DllImport] -marked methods which reference the native
library LIBRARY into the generated .h file.

--public-header=HEADER
Insert a #include statement within the generated .h file for HEADER .

For example, --public-header=<stdlib.h> generates

#include <stdlib.h>

--public-macro=MACRO
Insert a #define statement within the generated .h file. MACRO can contain a = to
separate the macro name from the macro value.

For example, --public-macro=FOO=42 generates

#define FOO 42

--rename-member=FROM=TO
This is used when FROM is a C macro, and thus must be altered in order to be used
sanely. All generated references to the managed representation will use TO instead
of FROM .

For example, given the C# declaration:

[Mono.Unix.Native.Map ("struct stat")]
struct Stat {
public long st_atime;
}

and the argument --rename-member=st_atime=st_atime_ , the generated .h file would
contain:

struct Stat {
gint64 st_atime_;
};

(note the altered field name), while the generated .c file would contain:

ToStat (struct stat *from, struct Stat *to)
{
to->st_atime_ = from->st_atime;
}

--rename-namespace=FROM=TO
By default, the C "namespace" (symbol prefix) is the C# namespace; types within the
C# namespace Mono.Unix.Native would be in the C "namespace" Mono_Unix_Native . Use
--rename-namespace to modify the default, e.g. --rename-
namespace=Mono.Unix.Native=Mono_Posix .

DESCRIPTION

create-native-map is a program for a specific scenario: keeping code which is tightly
coupled between C and C# in sync with each other, based upon the C# types.

Platform Invoke is only useful if the managed code knows the exact types and layout of all
unmanaged structures it uses. This is usually the case on Windows, but it is not the case
on Unix. For example, struct stat makes use of types with sizes that will vary from
platform to platform (or even based on the compiler macros defined!). For example, off_t
is usually a signed 32-bit integer on ILP32 platforms, but may be a signed 64-bit integer
on LP64 platforms, but may also be a 64-bit signed integer on ILP32 platforms if the
_FILE_OFFSET_BITS macro has the value 64. In short, everything is flexible within Unix,
and managed code can't deal with such flexibility.

Thus, the niche for create-native-map : assume a fixed ABI that managed code can target,
and generate code to "thunk" the managed representations to the corresponding native
representations. This needs to be done for everything that can vary between platforms and
compiler flags, from enumeration values ( SIGBUS has the value 10 on FreeBSD but 7 on
Linux) to structure members (how big is off_t ?).

create-native-map will inspect ASSEMBLY-FILE-NAME and output the following files:

OUTPUT-PREFIX.h
Contains enumeration values, class and structure declarations, delegate
declarations, and [DllImport] -marked methods (from the library specified by
--library ) within the assembly ASSEMBLY-FILE-NAME .

OUTPUT-PREFIX.c
Contains the implementation of enumeration and structure conversion
functions.

OUTPUT-PREFIX.cs
Contains a partial class NativeConvert containing enumeration translation
methods.

OUTPUT-PREFIX.xml
Generates ECMA XML documentation stubs for the enumeration translation
methods in OUTPUT-PREFIX.cs .

create-native-map primarily looks for MapAttribute -decorated types, and makes use of two
MapAttribute properties:

NativeType
Contains the corresponding C type. Only useful if applied to classes,
structures, and fields.

SuppressFlags
When specified on an enumeration member of a [Flags] -decorated enumeration
type, disables the normal code generator support for bit-masking enumeration
types.

This is useful when bitmask and non-bitmask information is stored within the
same type, and bitmask checking shouldn't be used for the non-bitmask
values. Example: Mono.Unix.Native.FilePermissions.S_IFREG , which is not a
bitmask value, while most of FilePermissions consists of bitmask values (
FilePermissions.S_IRUSR , FilePermissions.S_IWUSR , etc.).

The MapAttribute attribute can be specified on classes, structures, delegates, fields, and
enumerations.

Delegates
Code generation for delegates ignores the MapAttribute.NativeType property, and
generates a function pointer typedef that best matches the delegate declaration
into the .h file.

For example,

namespace Foo {
[Map]
delegate string MyCallback (string s);
}

generates the typedef :

typedef char* (*Foo_MyCallback) (const char *s);

Classes and Structures
A [Map] -decorated class or structure will get a C structure declaration within the
.h file:

[Map]
struct Foo {
public int i;
}

becomes

struct Foo {
public int i;
};

If the MapAttribute.NativeType property is set, then conversion functions will be
declared within the .h file and created within the .c file:

namespace Foo {
[Map ("struct stat")]
struct Stat {
public uint st_uid;
}
}

becomes

/* The .h file */
struct Foo_Stat {
unsigned int st_uid;
};
int
Foo_FromStat (struct Foo_Stat *from, struct stat *to);
int
Foo_ToStat (struct stat *to, sxtruct Foo_Stat *to);

/* The .c file */
int
Foo_FromStat (struct Foo_Stat *from, struct stat *to)
{
memset (to, 0, sizeof(*to);
to->st_uid = from->st_uid;
return 0;
}

int
Foo_ToStat (struct stat *to, sxtruct Foo_Stat *to)
{
memset (to, 0, sizeof(*to);
to->st_uid = from->st_uid;
return 0;
}

For classes, the conversion functions will only copy fields declared in the class
itself. Fields declared in parent classes will not be copied. (This is because
create-native-map does not know how the inheritance is implemented in C. Therefore
copying fields from parent classes is left to the caller of the conversion
functions.)

Fields If a field (1) has the MapAttribute attribute, and (2) has the
MapAttribute.NativeType property set, then the specified native type will be used
for overflow checking. For example:

namespace Foo {
[Map ("struct stat")]
struct Stat {
[Map ("off_t")] public long st_size;
}
}

generates

/* The .h file */
struct Foo_Stat {
gint64 st_size;
};
int
Foo_FromStat (struct Foo_Stat *from, struct stat *to);
int
Foo_ToStat (struct stat *to, sxtruct Foo_Stat *to);

/* The .c file */
int
Foo_FromStat (struct Foo_Stat *from, struct stat *to)
{
_cnm_return_val_if_overflow (off_t, from->st_size, -1);

memset (to, 0, sizeof(*to);
to->st_size = from->st_size;
return 0;
}

int
Foo_ToStat (struct stat *to, sxtruct Foo_Stat *to)
{
_cnm_return_val_if_overflow (gint64, from->st_size, -1);

memset (to, 0, sizeof(*to);
to->st_size = from->st_size;
return 0;
}

This is useful for better error checking within the conversion functions.
MapAttribute.NativeType is required for this as there is no other way to know what
the native type is (without parsing the system header files...).

Enumerations
Generates a C enumeration and macros for each of the members within the
enumeration. To and From functions are also declared in the .h file and
implemented in the .c file.

For example,

namespace Foo {
[Map]
enum Errno {
EINVAL
}
}

would generate the following in the .h file:

enum Foo_Errno {
Foo_Errno_EINVAL = 0,
#define Foo_Errno_EINVAL Foo_Errno_EINVAL
};
int Foo_FromErrno (int from, int *to);
int Foo_ToErrno (int from, int *to);

and generates the following in the the .c file:

int
Foo_FromErrno (int from, int *to)
{
*to = 0;
if (from == Foo_Errno_EPERM)
#ifdef EINVAL
{*to = EINVAL;}
#else
{errno = EINVAL; return -1;}
#endif
return 0;
}

int
Foo_ToErrno (int from, int *to)
{
*to = 0;
#ifdef EINVAL
if (from == EINVAL)
{*to = Foo_Errno_EPERM; return 0;}
#endif
return -1;
}

Different code will be generated if the managed enum is a [Flags] -decorated
enumeration (to account for bitwise flags), but this is the basic idea.

MAILING LISTS

Visit http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/mono-devel-list for details.

WEB SITE

Visit http://www.mono-project.com for details

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