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PROGRAM:
NAME
fg — run jobs in the foreground
SYNOPSIS
fg [job_id]
DESCRIPTION
If job control is enabled (see the description of set −m), the fg utility shall move a
background job from the current environment (see Section 2.12, Shell Execution
Environment) into the foreground.
Using fg to place a job into the foreground shall remove its process ID from the list of
those ``known in the current shell execution environment''; see Section 2.9.3.1, Examples.
OPTIONS
None.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
job_id Specify the job to be run as a foreground job. If no job_id operand is given,
the job_id for the job that was most recently suspended, placed in the
background, or run as a background job shall be used. The format of job_id is
described in the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 3.204, Job
Control Job ID.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of fg:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or
null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization
variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other
internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data
as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of
diagnostic messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The fg utility shall write the command line of the job to standard output in the following
format:
"%s\n", <command>
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
If job control is disabled, the fg utility shall exit with an error and no job shall be
placed in the foreground.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
The fg utility does not work as expected when it is operating in its own utility execution
environment because that environment has no applicable jobs to manipulate. See the
APPLICATION USAGE section for bg. For this reason, fg is generally implemented as a shell
regular built-in.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
The extensions to the shell specified in this volume of POSIX.1‐2008 have mostly been
based on features provided by the KornShell. The job control features provided by bg, fg,
and jobs are also based on the KornShell. The standard developers examined the
characteristics of the C shell versions of these utilities and found that differences
exist. Despite widespread use of the C shell, the KornShell versions were selected for
this volume of POSIX.1‐2008 to maintain a degree of uniformity with the rest of the
KornShell features selected (such as the very popular command line editing features).
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
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