git-credential - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials

SYNOPSIS

git credential <fill|approve|reject>

DESCRIPTION

Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials from system-specific
helpers, as well as prompting the user for usernames and passwords. The git-credential
command exposes this interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable interface models the
internal C API; see the Git credential API[1] for more background on the concepts.

git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of fill, approve, or
reject) and reads a credential description on stdin (see INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT).

If the action is fill, git-credential will attempt to add "username" and "password"
attributes to the description by reading config files, by contacting any configured
credential helpers, or by prompting the user. The username and password attributes of the
credential description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes already
provided.

If the action is approve, git-credential will send the description to any configured
credential helpers, which may store the credential for later use.

If the action is reject, git-credential will send the description to any configured
credential helpers, which may erase any stored credential matching the description.

If the action is approve or reject, no output should be emitted.

TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL

An application using git-credential will typically use git credential following these
steps:

1. Generate a credential description based on the context.

For example, if we want a password for https://example.com/foo.git, we might generate
the following credential description (don’t forget the blank line at the end; it tells
git credential that the application finished feeding all the information it has):

protocol=https
host=example.com
path=foo.git

2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this description. This is
done by running git credential fill, feeding the description from step (1) to its
standard input. The complete credential description (including the credential per se,
i.e. the login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:

protocol=https
host=example.com
username=bob
password=secr3t

In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be repeated in the
output, but Git may also modify the credential description, for example by removing
the path attribute when the protocol is HTTP(s) and credential.useHttpPath is false.

If the git credential knew about the password, this step may not have involved the
user actually typing this password (the user may have typed a password to unlock the
keychain instead, or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
unlocked) before it returned password=secr3t.

3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and password from step
(2)), and see if it’s accepted.

4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the credential allowed the
operation to complete successfully, then it can be marked with an "approve" action to
tell git credential to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential was rejected
during the operation, use the "reject" action so that git credential will ask for a
new password in its next invocation. In either case, git credential should be fed with
the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also contain the ones
provided in step (1)).

INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT

git credential reads and/or writes (depending on the action used) credential information
in its standard input/output. This information can correspond either to keys for which git
credential will obtain the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to
the actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).

The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one attribute per line. Each
attribute is specified by a key-value pair, separated by an = (equals) sign, followed by a
newline. The key may contain any bytes except =, newline, or NUL. The value may contain
any bytes except newline or NUL. In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there
is no quoting, and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file. Git understands the following
attributes:

protocol
The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., https).

host
The remote hostname for a network credential.

path
The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for accessing a remote https
repository, this will be the repository’s path on the server.

username
The credential’s username, if we already have one (e.g., from a URL, from the user, or
from a previously run helper).

password
The credential’s password, if we are asking it to be stored.

url
When this special attribute is read by git credential, the value is parsed as a URL
and treated as if its constituent parts were read (e.g., url=https://example.com would
behave as if protocol=https and host=example.com had been provided). This can help
callers avoid parsing URLs themselves. Note that any components which are missing from
the URL (e.g., there is no username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you
want to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL attribute first,
followed by any overrides.

NOTES

1. the Git credential API
file:///usr/share/doc/git/html/technical/api-credentials.html

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