gmtspatialgmt - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

gmtspatial - Do geospatial operations on lines and polygons

SYNOPSIS

gmtspatial [ table ] [ [amin_dist][unit]] [ ] [
[+ffile][+aamax][+ddmax][+c|Ccmax][+sfact] ] [ +|- ] [ [l] ] [ -I[e|i] ] [
pfile[+a][+pstart][+r][+z] ] [ [[-|+]*unit*][+h][+l][+p] ] [ region ] [ i|u|s|j ] [
[clippolygon] ] [ [level] ] [ -b<binary> ] [ -d<nodata> ] [ -f<flags> ] [ -g<gaps> ] [
-h<headers> ] [ -i<flags> ] [ -o<flags> ] [ -:[i|o] ]

Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.

DESCRIPTION

gmtspatial reads one or more data files (which may be multisegment files) that contains
closed polygons and operates of these polygons in the specified way. Operations include
area calculation, handedness reversals, and polygon intersections.

REQUIRED ARGUMENTS

None.

OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS

table One or more ASCII (or binary, see -bi[ncols][type]) data table file(s) holding a
number of data columns. If no tables are given then we read from standard input.

-A[amin_dist][unit]
Perform spatial nearest neighbor (NN) analysis: Determine the nearest neighbor of
each point and report the NN distances and the point IDs involved in each pair (IDs
are the input record numbers starting at 0). Use -Aa to decimate a data set so
that no NN distance is lower than the threshold min_dist. In this case we write
out the (possibly averaged) coordinates and the updated NN distances and point IDs.
A negative point number means the original point was replaced by a weighted average
(the absolute ID value gives the ID of the first original point ID to be included
in the average.)

-C Clips polygons to the map region, including map boundary to the polygon as needed.
The result is a closed polygon (see -T for truncation instead). Requires -R.

-D[+ffile][+aamax][+ddmax][+c|Ccmax][+sfact]
Check for duplicates among the input lines or polygons, or, if file is given via
+f, check if the input features already exist among the features in file. We
consider the cases of exact (same number and coordinates) and approximate matches
(average distance between nearest points of two features is less than a threshold).
We also consider that some features may have been reversed. Features are considered
approximate matches if their minimum distance is less than dmax [0] (see UNITS) and
their closeness (defined as the ratio between the average distance between the
features divided by their average length) is less than cmax [0.01]. For each
duplicate found, the output record begins with the single letter Y (exact match) or
~ (approximate match). If the two matching segments differ in length by more than a
factor of 2 then we consider the duplicate to be either a subset (-) or a superset
(+). Finally, we also note if two lines are the result of splitting a continuous
line across the Dateline (|). For polygons we also consider the fractional
difference in areas; duplicates must differ by less than amax [0.01]. By default,
we compute the mean line separation. Use +Ccmin to instead compute the median line
separation and therefore a robust closeness value. Also by default we consider all
distances between points on one line and another. Append +p to limit the comparison
to points that project perpendicularly to points on the other line (and not its
extension).

-E+|- ]
Reset the handedness of all polygons to match the given + (counter-clockwise) or -
(clockwise). Implies -Q+.

-F[l] Force input data to become polygons on output, i.e., close them explicitly if not
already closed. Optionally, append l to force line geometry.

-I[e|i]
Determine the intersection locations between all pairs of polygons. Append i to
only compute internal (i.e., self-intersecting polygons) crossovers or e to only
compute external (i.e., between paris of polygons) crossovers [Default is both].

-Npfile[+a][+pstart][+r][+z]
Determine if one (or all, with +a) points of each feature in the input data are
inside any of the polygons given in the pfile. If inside, then report which polygon
it is; the polygon ID is either taken from the aspatial value assigned to Z, the
segment header (first -Z, then -L are scanned), or it is assigned the running
number that is initialized to start [0]. By default the input segment that are
found to be inside a polygon are written to stdout with the polygon ID encoded in
the segment header as -ZID. Alternatively, append +r to just report which polygon
contains a feature or +z to have the IDs added as an extra data column on output.
Segments that fail to be inside a polygon are not written out. If more than one
polygon contains the same segment we skip the second (and further) scenario.

-Q[[-|+]*unit*][+h][+l][+p]
Measure the area of all polygons or length of line segments. Use -Q+h to append the
area to each polygons segment header [Default simply writes the area to stdout].
For polygons we also compute the centroid location while for line data we compute
the mid-point (half-length) position. Append a distance unit to select the unit
used (see UNITS). Note that the area will depend on the current setting of
PROJ_ELLIPSOID; this should be a recent ellipsoid to get accurate results. The
centroid is computed using the mean of the 3-D Cartesian vectors making up the
polygon vertices, while the area is obtained via an equal-area projection. For
line lengths you may prepend -|+ to the unit and the calculation will use Flat
Earth or Geodesic algorithms, respectively [Default is great circle distances]. By
default, we consider open polygons as lines. Append +p to close open polygons and
thus consider all input as polygons, or append +l to consider all input as lines,
even if closed.

-R[unit]west/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][r]
west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest, and you may specify
them in decimal degrees or in [+-]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format. Append r if lower
left and upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two
shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and -180/+180 in longitude
respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude). Alternatively for grid creation, give
Rcodelon/lat/nx/ny, where code is a 2-character combination of L, C, R (for left,
center, or right) and T, M, B for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., BL for lower left.
This indicates which point on a rectangular region the lon/lat coordinate refers
to, and the grid dimensions nx and ny with grid spacings via -I is used to create
the corresponding region. Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file
and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid.
Using -Runit expects projected (Cartesian) coordinates compatible with chosen -J
and we inversely project to determine actual rectangular geographic region. For
perspective view (-p), optionally append /zmin/zmax. In case of perspective view
(-p), a z-range (zmin, zmax) can be appended to indicate the third dimension. This
needs to be done only when using the -Jz option, not when using only the -p option.
In the latter case a perspective view of the plane is plotted, with no third
dimension. Clips polygons to the map region, including map boundary to the polygon
as needed. The result is a closed polygon.

-Si|j|s|u
Spatial processing of polygons. Choose from -Si which returns the intersection of
polygons (closed), -Su which returns the union of polygons (closed), -Ss which will
split polygons that straddle the Dateline, and -Sj which will join polygons that
were split by the Dateline. Note: Only -Ss has been implemented.

-T[clippolygon]
Truncate polygons against the specified polygon given, possibly resulting in open
polygons. If no argument is given to -T we create a clipping polygon from -R which
then is required. Note that when the -R clipping is in effect we will also look for
polygons of length 4 or 5 that exactly match the -R clipping polygon.

-V[level] (more ...)
Select verbosity level [c].

-bi[ncols][t] (more ...)
Select native binary input. [Default is 2 input columns].

-bo[ncols][type] (more ...)
Select native binary output. [Default is same as input].

-d[i|o]nodata (more ...)
Replace input columns that equal nodata with NaN and do the reverse on output.

-f[i|o]colinfo (more ...)
Specify data types of input and/or output columns.

-g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u] (more ...)
Determine data gaps and line breaks.

-h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] (more ...)
Skip or produce header record(s).

-icols[l][sscale][ooffset][,...] (more ...)
Select input columns (0 is first column).

-ocols[,...] (more ...)
Select output columns (0 is first column).

-:[i|o] (more ...)
Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.

-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows
use just -).

-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any
module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.

-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of options, then
exits.

--version
Print GMT version and exit.

--show-datadir
Print full path to GMT share directory and exit.

UNITS

For map distance unit, append unit d for arc degree, m for arc minute, and s for arc
second, or e for meter [Default], f for foot, k for km, M for statute mile, n for nautical
mile, and u for US survey foot. By default we compute such distances using a spherical
approximation with great circles. Prepend - to a distance (or the unit is no distance is
given) to perform "Flat Earth" calculations (quicker but less accurate) or prepend + to
perform exact geodesic calculations (slower but more accurate).

ASCII FORMAT PRECISION

The ASCII output formats of numerical data are controlled by parameters in your gmt.conf
file. Longitude and latitude are formatted according to FORMAT_GEO_OUT, whereas other
values are formatted according to FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT. Be aware that the format in effect can
lead to loss of precision in the output, which can lead to various problems downstream. If
you find the output is not written with enough precision, consider switching to binary
output (-bo if available) or specify more decimals using the FORMAT_FLOAT_OUT setting.

EXAMPLE

To turn all lines in the multisegment file lines.txt into closed polygons, run

gmt spatial lines.txt -F > polygons.txt

To compute the area of all geographic polygons in the multisegment file polygons.txt, run

gmt spatial polygons.txt -Q > areas.txt

Same data, but now orient all polygons to go counter-clockwise and write their areas to
the segment headers, run

gmt spatial polygons.txt -Q+h -E+ > areas.txt

To determine the intersections between the polygons A.txt and B.txt, run

gmt spatial A.txt B.txt -Ce > crossovers.txt

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