nsgmls - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

nsgmls - a validating SGML parser

An System Conforming to
International Standard ISO 8879 —
Standard Generalized Markup Language

SYNOPSIS

nsgmls [ -BCdeglprsuv ] [ -alinktype ] [ -b(bctf|encoding) ] [ -Ddirectory ] [
-Emax_errors ] [ -ffile ] [ -iname ] [ -msysid ] [ -ooutput_option ] [ -tfile ] [
-wwarning_type ] [ sysid... ]

WARNING

This manual page may be out of date. Consult the HTML documentation for the most up-to-
date information concerning this program. You can find the HTML document in:
/usr/share/doc/sp/nsgmls.htm

DESCRIPTION

Nsgmls parses and validates the document whose document entity is specified by the system
identifiers sysid... and prints on the standard output a simple text representation of
its Element Structure Information Set. (This is the information set which a structure-
controlled conforming application should act upon.) The form of system identifiers is
described in detail below; a system identifier that does not start with < and does not
look like an absolute URL will be treated as a filename. If more than one system
identifier is specified, then the corresponding entities will be concatenated to form the
document entity. Thus the document entity may be spread amongst several files; for
example, the SGML declaration, prolog and document instance set could each be in a
separate file. If no system identifiers are specified, then nsgmls will read the document
entity from the standard input. A command line system identifier of - can be used to
refer to the standard input. (Normally in a system identifier, <osfd>0 is used to refer
to standard input.)

The following options are available:

-alinktype
Make link type linktype active. Not all ESIS information is output in this case:
the active LPDs are not explicitly reported, although each link attribute is
qualified with its link type name; there is no information about result elements;
when there are multiple link rules applicable to the current element, nsgmls always
chooses the first.

-b(bctf|encoding)
This determines the encoding used for output. If in fixed character set mode it
specifies the name of an encoding; if not, it specifies the name of a BCTF. See
the description below of the bctf storage manager attribute for more information.

-B Batch mode. Parse each sysid... specified on the command line separately, rather
than concatenating them. This is useful mainly with -s.
If -tfilename is also specified, then the specified filename will be prefixed to
the sysid to make the filename for the RAST result for each sysid.

-C The filename... arguments specify catalog files rather than the document entity.
The document entity is specified by the first DOCUMENT entry in the catalog files.

-Ddirectory
Search directory for files specified in system identifiers. Multiple -D options
are allowed. See the description of the osfile storage manager for more
information about file searching.

-e Describe open entities in error messages. Error messages always include the
position of the most recently opened external entity.

-E max_errors
Nsgmls will exit after max_errors errors. If max_errors is 0, there is no limit on
the number of errors. The default is 200.

-ffile Redirect errors to file. This is useful mainly with shells that do not support
redirection of stderr.

-g Show the GIs of open elements in error messages.

-iname Pretend that

<!ENTITY % name "INCLUDE">

occurs at the start of the document type declaration subset in the document
entity. Since repeated definitions of an entity are ignored, this definition will
take precedence over any other definitions of this entity in the document type
declaration. Multiple -i options are allowed. If the declaration replaces the
reserved name INCLUDE then the new reserved name will be the replacement text of
the entity. Typically the document type declaration will contain

<!ENTITY % name "IGNORE">

and will use %name; in the status keyword specification of a marked section
declaration. In this case the effect of the option will be to cause the marked
section not to be ignored.

-msysid
Map public identifiers and entity names to system identifiers using the catalog
entry file whose system identifier is sysid. Multiple -m options are allowed. If
there is a catalog entry file called catalog in the same place as the document
entity, it will be searched for immediately after those specified by -m.

-ooutput_option
Output additional information accordig to output_option:

entity Output definitions of all general entities not just for data or subdoc
entities that are referenced or named in an ENTITY or ENTITIES attribute.

id Distinguish attributes whose declared value is ID.

line Output L commands giving the current line number and filename.

included
Output an i command for included subelements.

Multiple -o options are allowed.

-p Parse only the prolog. Nsgmls will exit after parsing the document type
declaration. Implies -s.

-s Suppress output. Error messages will still be printed.

-tfile Output to file the RAST result as defined by ISO/IEC 13673:1995 (actually this
isn't quite an IS yet; this implements the Intermediate Editor's Draft of
1994/08/29, with changes to implement ISO/IEC JTC1/SC18/WG8 N1777). The normal
output is not produced.

-v Print the version number.

-wtype Control warnings and errors. Multiple -w options are allowed. The following
values of type enable warnings:

mixed Warn about mixed content models that do not allow #pcdata anywhere.

sgmldecl
Warn about various dubious constructions in the SGML declaration.

should Warn about various recommendations made in ISO 8879 that the document does
not comply with. (Recommendations are expressed with ``should'', as
distinct from requirements which are usually expressed with ``shall''.)

default
Warn about defaulted references.

duplicate
Warn about duplicate entity declarations.

undefined
Warn about undefined elements: elements used in the DTD but not defined.

unclosed
Warn about unclosed start and end-tags.

empty Warn about empty start and end-tags.

net Warn about net-enabling start-tags and null end-tags.

min-tag
Warn about minimized start and end-tags. Equivalent to combination of
unclosed, empty and net warnings.

unused-map
Warn about unused short reference maps: maps that are declared with a short
reference mapping declaration but never used in a short reference use
declaration in the DTD.

unused-param
Warn about parameter entities that are defined but not used in a DTD.

all Warn about conditions that should usually be avoided (in the opinion of the
author). Equivalent to: mixed, should, default, undefined, sgmldecl,
unused-map, unused-param, empty and unclosed.

A warning can be disabled by using its name prefixed with no-. Thus -wall -wno-
duplicate will enable all warnings except those about duplicate entity
declarations.

The following values for warning_type disable errors:

no-idref
Do not give an error for an ID reference value which no element has as its
ID. The effect will be as if each attribute declared as an ID reference
value had been declared as a name.

no-significant
Do not give an error when a character that is not a significant character in
the reference concrete syntax occurs in a literal in the SGML declaration.
This may be useful in conjunction with certain buggy test suites.

The following options are also supported for backwards compatibility with sgmls:

-d Same as -wduplicate.

-l Same as -oline.

-r Same as -wdefault.

-u Same as -wundef.

System identifiers
A system identifier can either be a formal system identifier or a simple system
identifier. A system identifier that is a formal system identifier consists of a sequence
of one or more storage object specifications. The objects specified by the storage object
specifications are concatenated to form the entity. A storage object specification
consists of an SGML start-tag in the reference concrete syntax followed by character data
content. The generic identifier of the start-tag is the name of a storage manager. The
content is a storage object identifier which identifies the storage object in a manner
dependent on the storage manager. The start-tag can also specify attributes giving
additional information about the storage object. Numeric character references are
recognized in storage object identifiers and attribute value literals in the start-tag.
Record ends are ignored in the storage object identifier as with SGML. A system
identifier will be interpreted as a formal system identifier if it starts with a <
followed by a storage manager name, followed by either > or white-space; otherwise it will
be interpreted as a simple system identifier. A storage object identifier extends until
the end of the system identifier or until the first occurrence of < followed by a storage
manager name, followed by either > or white-space.

The following storage managers are available:

osfile The storage object identifier is a filename. If the filename is relative it is
resolved using a base filename. Normally the base filename is the name of the file
in which the storage object identifier was specified, but this can be changed using
the base attribute. The filename will be searched for first in the directory of
the base filename. If it is not found there, then it will be searched for in
directories specified with the -D option in the order in which they were specified
on the command line, and then in the list of directories specified by the
environment variable SGML_SEARCH_PATH. The list is separated by colons under Unix
and by semi-colons under MSDOS.

osfd The storage object identifier is an integer specifying a file descriptor. Thus a
system identifier of <osfd>0 will refer to the standard input.

url The storage object identifier is a URL. Only the http scheme is currently
supported and not on all systems.

neutral
The storage manager is the storage manager of storage object in which the system
identifier was specified (the underlying storage manager). However if the
underlying storage manager does not support named storage objects (ie it is osfd),
then the storage manager will be osfile. The storage object identifier is treated
as a relative, hierarchical name separated by slashes (/) and will be transformed
as appropriate for the underlying storage manager.

The following attributes are supported:

records
This describes how records are delimited in the storage object:

cr Records are terminated by a carriage return.

lf Records are terminated by a line feed.

crlf Records are terminated by a carriage return followed by a line feed.

find Records are terminated by whichever of cr, lf or crlf is first encountered
in the storage object.

asis No recognition of records is performed.

The default is find except for NDATA entities for which the default is asis.

When records are recognized in a storage object, a record start is inserted at the
beginning of each record, and a record end at the end of each record. If there is
a partial record (a record that doesn't end with the record terminator) at the end
of the entity, then a record start will be inserted before it but no record end
will be inserted after it.

The attribute name and = can be omitted for this attribute.

zapeof This specifies whether a Control-Z character that occurs as the final byte in the
storage object should be stripped. The following values are allowed:

zapeof A final Control-Z should be stripped.

nozapeof
A final Control-Z should not be stripped.

The default is zapeof except for NDATA entities, entities declared in storage
objects with zapeof=nozapeof and storage objects with records=asis.

The attribute name and = can be omitted for this attribute.

bctf The bctf (bit combination transformation format) attribute describes how the bit
combinations of the storage object are transformed into the sequence of bytes that
are contained in the object identified by the storage object identifier. This
inverse of this transformation is performed when the entity manager reads the
storage object. It has one of the following values:

identity
Each bit combination is represented by a single byte.

fixed-2
Each bit combination is represented by exactly 2 bytes, with the more
significant byte first.

utf-8 Each bit combination is represented by a variable number of bytes according
to UCS Transformation Format 8 defined in Annex P to be added by the first
proposed drafted amendment (PDAM 1) to ISO/IEC
10646-1:1993.

euc-jp Each bit combination is treated as a pair of bytes, most significant byte
first, encoding a character using the
Extended_UNIX_Code_Fixed_Width_for_Japanese Internet charset, and is
transformed into the variable length sequence of octets that would encode
that character using the Extended_UNIX_Code_Packed_Format_for_Japanese
Internet charset.

sjis Each bit combination is treated as a pair of bytes, most significant byte
first, encoding a character using the
Extended_UNIX_Code_Fixed_Width_for_Japanese Internet charset, and is
transformed into the variable length sequence of bytes that would encode
that character using the Shift_JIS Internet charset.

unicode
Each bit combination is represented by 2 bytes. The bytes representing the
entire storage object may be preceded by a pair of bytes representing the
byte order mark character (0xFEFF). The bytes representing each bit
combination are in the system byte order, unless the byte order mark
character is present, in which case the order of its bytes determines the
byte order. When the storage object is read, any byte order mark character
is discarded.

is8859-N
N can be any single digit other than 0. Each bit combination is interpreted
as the number of a character in ISO/IEC 10646 and is represented by the
single byte that would encode that character in ISO 8859-N. These values
are not supported with the -b option.

Values other than identity are supported only with the multi-byte version of
nsgmls.

tracking
This specifies whether line boundaries should be tracked for this object: a value
of track specifies that they should; a value of notrack specifies that they should
not. The default value is track. Keeping track of where line boundaries occur in
a storage object requires approximately one byte of storage per line and it may be
desirable to disable this for very large storage objects.

The attribute name and = can be omitted for this attribute.

base When the storage object identifier specified in the content of the storage object
specification is relative, this specifies the base storage object identifier
relative to which that storage object identifier should be resolved. When not
specified a storage object identifier is interpreted relative to the storage object
in which it is specified, provided that this has the same storage manager. This
applies both to system identifiers specified in SGML documents and to system
identifiers specified in the catalog entry files.

smcrd The value is a single character that will be recognized in storage object
identifiers (both in the content of storage object specifications and in the value
of base attributes) as a storage manager character reference delimiter when
followed by a digit. A storage manager character reference is like an SGML numeric
character reference except that the number is interpreted as a character number in
the inherent character set of the storage manager rather than the document
character set. The default is for no character to be recognized as a storage
manager character reference delimiter. Numeric character references cannot be used
to prevent recognition of storage manager character reference delimiters.

fold This applies only to the neutral storage manager. It specifies whether the storage
object identifier should be folded to the customary case of the underlying storage
manager if storage object identifiers for the underlying storage manager are case
sensitive. The following values are allowed:

fold The storage object identifier will be folded.

nofold The storage object identifier will not be folded.

The default value is fold. The attribute name and = can be omitted for this
attribute.

For example, on Unix filenames are case-sensitive and the customary case is lower-
case. So if the underlying storage manager were osfile and the system was a Unix
system, then <neutral>FOO.SGM would be equivalent to <osfile>foo.sgm.

A simple system identifier is interpreted as a storage object identifier with a storage
manager that depends on where the system identifier was specified: if it was specified in
a storage object whose storage manager was url or if the system identifier looks like an
absolute URL in a supported scheme, the storage manager will be url; otherwise the storage
manager will be osfile. The storage manager attributes are defaulted as for a formal
system identifier. Numeric character references are not recognized in simple system
identifiers.

System identifier generation
The entity manager generates an effective system identifier for every external entity
using catalog entry files in the format defined by SGML Open Technical Resolution
9401:1994. The entity manager will give an error if it is unable to generate an effective
system identifier for an external entity. Normally if the external identifier for an
entity includes a system identifier then the entity manager will use that as the effective
system identifier for the entity; this behaviour can be changed using OVERRIDE or SYSTEM
entries in a catalog entry file.

A catalog entry file contains a sequence of entries in one of the following forms:

PUBLIC pubid sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier if the
public identifier is pubid. Sysid is a system identifier as defined in ISO 8879
and pubid is a public identifier as defined in ISO 8879.

ENTITY name sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier if the
entity is a general entity whose name is name.

ENTITY %name sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier if the
entity is a parameter entity whose name is name. Note that there is no space
between the % and the name.

DOCTYPE name sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier if the
entity is an entity declared in a document type declaration whose document type
name is name.

LINKTYPE name sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier if the
entity is an entity declared in a link type declaration whose link type name is
name.

NOTATION name sysid
This specifies that sysid should be used as the effective system identifier for a
notation whose name is name. This is an extension to the SGML Open format. This
is relevant only with the -n option.

OVERRIDE YES|NO
This sets the overriding mode for entries up to the next occurrence of OVERRIDE or
the end of the catalog entry file. At the beginning of a catalog entry file the
overriding mode will be NO. A PUBLIC, ENTITY, DOCTYPE, LINKTYPE or NOTATION entry
with an overriding mode of YES will be used whether or not the external identifier
has an explicit system identifier; those with an overriding mode of NO will be
ignored if external identifier has an explicit system identifier. This is an
extension to the SGML Open format.

SYSTEM sysid1 sysid2
This specifies that sysid2 should be used as the effective system identifier if the
system identifier specified in the external identifier was sysid1. This is an
extension to the SGML Open format.

SGMLDECL sysid
This specifies that if the document does not contain an SGML declaration, the SGML
declaration in sysid should be implied.

DOCUMENT sysid
This specifies that the document entity is sysid. This entry is used only with the
-C option.

CATALOG sysid
This specifies that sysid is the system identifier of an additional catalog entry
file to be read after this one. Multiple CATALOG entries are allowed and will be
read in order. This is an extension to the SGML Open format.

The delimiters can be omitted from the sysid provided it does not contain any white space.
Comments are allowed between parameters delimited by -- as in SGML.

The environment variable SGML_CATALOG_FILES contains a list of catalog entry files. The
list is separated by colons under Unix and by semi-colons under MSDOS. These will be
searched after any catalog entry files specified using the -m option, and after the
catalog entry file called catalog in the same place as the document entity. If this
environment variable is not set, then a system dependent list of catalog entry files will
be used. In fact catalog entry files are not restricted to being files: the name of a
catalog entry file is interpreted as a system identifier.

A match in one catalog entry file will take precedence over any match in a later catalog
entry file. A match in a catalog entry file for a SYSTEM entry will take precedence over
a match in the same file for a PUBLIC, ENTITY, DOCTYPE, LINKTYPE or NOTATION entry. A
match in a catalog entry file for a PUBLIC entry will take precedence over a match in the
same file for an ENTITY, DOCTYPE, LINKTYPE or NOTATION entry.

System declaration
The system declaration for nsgmls is as follows:

SYSTEM "ISO 8879:1986"
CHARSET
BASESET "ISO 646-1983//CHARSET
International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
DESCSET 0 128 0
CAPACITY PUBLIC "ISO 8879:1986//CAPACITY Reference//EN"
FEATURES
MINIMIZE DATATAG NO OMITTAG YES RANK YES SHORTTAG YES
LINK SIMPLE YES 65535 IMPLICIT YES EXPLICIT YES 1
OTHER CONCUR NO SUBDOC YES 100 FORMAL YES
SCOPE DOCUMENT
SYNTAX PUBLIC "ISO 8879:1986//SYNTAX Reference//EN"
SYNTAX PUBLIC "ISO 8879:1986//SYNTAX Core//EN"
VALIDATE

GENERAL YES MODEL YES EXCLUDE YES CAPACITY NO
NONSGML YES SGML YES FORMAL YES
SDIF
PACK NO UNPACK NO

The limit for the SUBDOC parameter is memory dependent.

Any legal concrete syntax may be used.

declaration
If the declaration is omitted and there is no applicable SGMLDECL entry in a catalog, the
following declaration will be implied:

<!SGML "ISO 8879:1986"
CHARSET
BASESET "ISO 646-1983//CHARSET
International Reference Version (IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
DESCSET 0 9 UNUSED
9 2 9
11 2 UNUSED
13 1 13
14 18 UNUSED
32 95 32
127 1 UNUSED
CAPACITY PUBLIC "ISO 8879:1986//CAPACITY Reference//EN"
SCOPE DOCUMENT
SYNTAX
SHUNCHAR CONTROLS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127 255
BASESET "ISO 646-1983//CHARSET International Reference Version
(IRV)//ESC 2/5 4/0"
DESCSET 0 128 0
FUNCTION RE 13
RS 10
SPACE 32
TAB SEPCHAR 9
NAMING LCNMSTRT ""
UCNMSTRT ""
LCNMCHAR "-."
UCNMCHAR "-."
NAMECASE GENERAL YES
ENTITY NO
DELIM GENERAL SGMLREF
SHORTREF SGMLREF
NAMES SGMLREF
QUANTITY SGMLREF
ATTCNT 99999999
ATTSPLEN 99999999
DTEMPLEN 24000
ENTLVL 99999999
GRPCNT 99999999
GRPGTCNT 99999999
GRPLVL 99999999
LITLEN 24000
NAMELEN 99999999
PILEN 24000
TAGLEN 99999999
TAGLVL 99999999
FEATURES
MINIMIZE DATATAG NO
OMITTAG YES
RANK YES
SHORTTAG YES
LINK SIMPLE YES 1000
IMPLICIT YES
EXPLICIT YES 1
OTHER CONCUR NO
SUBDOC YES 99999999
FORMAL YES
APPINFO NONE>
with the exception that all characters that are neither significant not shunned will be
assigned to DATACHAR.

A character in a base character set is described either by giving its number in a
universal character set, or by specifying a minimum literal. The constraints on the
choice of universal character set are that characters that are significant in the SGML
reference concrete syntax must be in the universal character set and must have the same
number in the universal character set as in ISO 646 and that each character in the
character set must be represented by exactly one number; that character numbers in the
range 0 to 31 and 127 to 159 are control characters (for the purpose of enforcing SHUNCHAR
CONTROLS). It is recommended that ISO 10646 (Unicode) be used as the universal character
set, except in environments where the normal document character sets are large character
set which cannot be compactly described in terms of ISO 10646. The public identifier of a
base character set can be associated with an entity that describes it by using a PUBLIC
entry in the catalog entry file. The entity must be a fragment of an SGML declaration
consisting of the portion of a character set description, following the DESCSET keyword,
that is, it must be a sequence of character descriptions, where each character description
specifies a described character number, the number of characters and either a character
number in the universal character set, a minimum literal or the keyword UNUSED. Character
numbers in the universal character set can be as big as 99999999.

In addition nsgmls has built in knowledge of a few character sets. These are identified
using the designating sequence in the public identifier. The following designating
sequences are recognized:

Designating ISO Minimum Number
Escape Registration Character of Description
Sequence Number Number Characters
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ESC 2/5 4/0 - 0 128 full set of ISO 646 IRV
ESC 2/8 4/0 2 0 128 G0 set of ISO 646 IRV
ESC 2/8 4/2 6 0 128 G0 set of ASCII
ESC 2/1 4/0 1 0 32 C0 set of ISO 646

The graphic character sets do not strictly include C0 and C1 control character sets. For
convenience, nsgmls augments the graphic character sets with the appropriate control
character sets.

It is not necessary for every character set used in the SGML declaration to be known to
nsgmls provided that characters in the document character set that are significant both in
the reference concrete syntax and in the described concrete syntax are described using
known base character sets and that characters that are significant in the described
concrete syntax are described using the same base character sets or the same minimum
literals in both the document character set description and the syntax reference character
set description.

The public identifier for a public concrete syntax can be associated with an entity that
describes using a PUBLIC entry in the catalog entry file. The entity must be a fragment
of an SGML declaration consisting of a concrete syntax description starting with the
SHUNCHAR keyword as in an SGML declaration. The entity can also make use of the following
extensions:

An added function can be expressed as a parameter literal instead of a name.

The replacement for a reference reserved name can be expressed as a parameter
literal instead of a name.

The LCNMSTRT, UCNMSTRT, LCNMCHAR and UCNMCHAR keywords may each be followed by more
than one parameter literal. A sequence of parameter literals has the same meaning
as a single parameter literal whose content is the concatenation of the content of
each of the literals in the sequence. This extension is useful because of the
restriction on the length of a parameter literal in the SGML declaration to 240
characters.

The total number of characters specified for UCNMCHAR or UCNMSTRT may exceed the
total number of characters specified for LCNMCHAR or LCNMSTRT respectively. Each
character in UCNMCHAR or UCNMSTRT which does not have a corresponding character in
the same position in LCNMCHAR or LCNMSTRT is simply assigned to UCNMCHAR or
UCNMSTRT without making it the upper-case form of any character.

A parameter following any of LCNMSTRT, UCNMSTRT, LCNMCHAR and UCNMCHAR keywords may
be followed by the name token ... and another parameter literal. This has the
same meaning as the two parameter literals with a parameter literal in between
containing in order each character whose number is greater than the number of the
last character in the first parameter literal and less than the number of the first
character in the second parameter literal. A parameter literal must contain at
least one character for each ... to which it is adjacent.

A number may be used as a parameter following the LCNMSTRT, UCNMSTRT, LCNMCHAR and
UCNMCHAR keywords or as a delimiter in the DELIM section with the same meaning as a
parameter literal containing just a numeric character reference with that number.

The parameters following the LCNMSTRT, UCNMSTRT, LCNMCHAR and UCNMCHAR keywords may
be omitted. This has the same meaning as specifying an empty parameter literal.

Within the specification of the short reference delimiters, a parameter literal
containing exactly one character may be followed by the name token ... and another
parameter literal containing exactly one character. This has the same meaning as a
sequence of parameter literals one for each character number that is greater than
or equal to the number of the character in the first parameter literal and less
than or equal to the number of the character in the second parameter literal.

The public identifier for a public capacity set can be associated with an entity that
describes using a PUBLIC entry in the catalog entry file. The entity must be a fragment
of an SGML declaration consisting of a sequence of capacity names and numbers.

Output format
The output is a series of lines. Lines can be arbitrarily long. Each line consists of an
initial command character and one or more arguments. Arguments are separated by a single
space, but when a command takes a fixed number of arguments the last argument can contain
spaces. There is no space between the command character and the first argument.
Arguments can contain the following escape sequences.

\ A \.

\n A record end character.

\| Internal SDATA entities are bracketed by these.

nnn The character whose code is nnn octal.

A record start character will be represented by \012. Most applications will need to
ignore \012 and translate \n into newline.

\#n; The character whose number is n in decimal. n can have any number of digits. This
is used for characters that are not representable by the encoding translation used
for output (as specified by the NSGML_CODE environment variable). This will only
occur with the multibyte version of nsgmls.

The possible command characters and arguments are as follows:

(gi The start of an element whose generic identifier is gi. Any attributes for this
element will have been specified with A commands.

)gi The end of an element whose generic identifier is gi.

-data Data.

&name A reference to an external data entity name; name will have been defined using an E
command.

?pi A processing instruction with data pi.

Aname val
The next element to start has an attribute name with value val which takes one of
the following forms:

IMPLIED
The value of the attribute is implied.

CDATA data
The attribute is character data. This is used for attributes whose declared
value is CDATA.

NOTATION nname
The attribute is a notation name; nname will have been defined using a N
command. This is used for attributes whose declared value is NOTATION.

ENTITY name...
The attribute is a list of general entity names. Each entity name will have
been defined using an I, E or S command. This is used for attributes whose
declared value is ENTITY or ENTITIES.

TOKEN token...
The attribute is a list of tokens. This is used for attributes whose
declared value is anything else.

ID token
The attribute is an ID value. This will be output only if the -oid option
is specified. Otherwise TOKEN will be used for ID values.

Dename name val
This is the same as the A command, except that it specifies a data attribute for an
external entity named ename. Any D commands will come after the E command that
defines the entity to which they apply, but before any & or A commands that
reference the entity.

atype name val
The next element to start has a link attribute with link type type, name name, and
value val, which takes the same form as with the A command.

Nnname nname. Define a notation. This command will be preceded by a p command if the
notation was declared with a public identifier, and by a s command if the notation
was declared with a system identifier. If the -n option was specified, this
command will also be preceded by an f command giving the system identifier
generated by the entity manager (unless it was unable to generate one). A notation
will only be defined if it is to be referenced in an E command or in an A command
for an attribute with a declared value of NOTATION.

Eename typ nname
Define an external data entity named ename with type typ (CDATA, NDATA or SDATA)
and notation not. This command will be preceded by an f command giving the system
identifier generated by the entity manager (unless it was unable to generate one),
by a p command if a public identifier was declared for the entity, and by a s
command if a system identifier was declared for the entity. not will have been
defined using a N command. Data attributes may be specified for the entity using D
commands. If the -oentity option is not specified, an external data entity will
only be defined if it is to be referenced in a & command or in an A command for an
attribute whose declared value is ENTITY or ENTITIES.

Iename typ text
Define an internal data entity named ename with type typ and entity text text. The
typ will be CDATA or SDATA unless the -oentity option was specified, in which case
it can also be PI or TEXT (for an text entity). If the -oentity option is not
specified, an internal data entity will only be defined if it is referenced in an A
command for an attribute whose declared value is ENTITY or ENTITIES.

Sename Define a subdocument entity named ename. This command will be preceded by an f
command giving the system identifier generated by the entity manager (unless it was
unable to generate one), by a p command if a public identifier was declared for the
entity, and by a s command if a system identifier was declared for the entity. If
the -oentity option is not specified, a subdocument entity will only be defined if
it is referenced in a { command or in an A command for an attribute whose declared
value is ENTITY or ENTITIES.

Tename Define an external SGML text entity named ename. This command will be preceded by
an f command giving the system identifier generated by the entity manager (unless
it was unable to generate one), by a p command if a public identifier was declared
for the entity, and by a s command if a system identifier was declared for the
entity. This command will be output only if the -oentity option is specified.

ssysid This command applies to the next E, S, T or N command and specifies the associated
system identifier.

ppubid This command applies to the next E, S, T or N command and specifies the associated
public identifier.

fsysid This command applies to the next E, S, T or, if the -n option was specified, N
command and specifies the system identifier generated by the entity manager from
the specified external identifier and other information about the entity or
notation.

{ename The start of the subdocument entity ename; ename will have been defined using a S
command.

}ename The end of the subdocument entity ename.

Llineno file
Llineno
Set the current line number and filename. The file argument will be omitted if
only the line number has changed. This will be output only if the -l option has
been given.

#text An APPINFO parameter of text was specified in the declaration. This is not
strictly part of the ESIS, but a structure-controlled application is permitted to
act on it. No # command will be output if APPINFO NONE was specified. A # command
will occur at most once, and may be preceded only by a single L command.

C This command indicates that the document was a conforming document. If this
command is output, it will be the last command. An document is not conforming if
it references a subdocument entity that is not conforming.

ENVIRONMENT

SP_BCTF
If this is set to one of identity, utf-8, euc-jp and sjis, then that BCTF will be
used as the default BCTF for everything (including file input, file output, message
output, filenames and command line arguments).

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