nut-nutrition - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

nut-nutrition - analyze meals with the USDA Nutrient Database

SYNOPSIS

nut-nutrition [dbname]
Nut [FLTK OPTION]... [dbname]

DESCRIPTION

NUT allows you to record what you eat and analyze your meals for nutrient composition.
The database included is the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27.

This database of food composition tables contains values for calories, protein,
carbohydrates, fiber, total fat, etc., and includes all the nutrient data in the USDA
database, including the Omega-6 and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutrient levels
are expressed as a percentage of the DV or Daily Value, the familiar standard of food
labeling in the United States. The essential fatty acids, Omega-6 and Omega-3, are not
currently mentioned in these standards, and a reference value has been supplied.

You may search this list of foods and view nutrient values for different serving sizes;
you may also rank foods in order of level of a particular nutrient. You may change the
daily calorie level to correspond to your personal metabolism, and the levels for fat,
carbohydrates, fiber, and protein are automatically adjusted. You may customize the
ratios of carbohydrates to protein to fat to suit your personal regimen. You may add your
own recipes to the database, by creating them from the foods in the database. You can
also add foods from the information on commercial food labels. The program is completely
menu-driven and there are no commands to learn.

NUT can be called with an optional argument to specify a database subdirectory. For
example, if a user tracks meals for other family members, each person can have his own
database, and each database is entirely separate. The database subdirectory name (if
there is one) is displayed on all screens.

The functions included are:

Record Meals: Foods are found in the database, a number of servings, weight, or calories
is entered, and thus a meal is recorded showing the amount of each food eaten. The meal
date can be entered in full "yyyymmdd" format or as a positive or negative offset from
today, such as "-3" or "+1". All numbers expressing food quantities are entered as
decimal numbers, but the number of servings can also be entered as a common fraction such
as 3/4. An analysis screen can be brought up by typing a dot. Individual foods are
deleted from the meal list by entering the food number shown, but you can also modify the
quantity by typing the food number and a new quantity, for example "2 100g", i.e. change
food #2 to 100 grams.

Automatic Portion Control: A major feature of NUT is to be able to associate a meal food
with an automatically-adjusted quantity to enable easy portion control. For instance, if
you want food #4 on the menu to always be adjusted so that the entire meal exactly meets
the Daily Value for protein, type "4 p"; if food #7 is a carb food, type "7 c" to adjust
non-fiber carb; or if food #1 is a fat food, type "1 f" to automatically adjust the total
fat of the meal. An alternate way to specify the previous three commands in a single
command is "pcf 4 7 1". Then, as you edit other food quantities or add or subtract foods,
the automatic portion control produces an entire meal that exactly fits your plan. There
can only be one protein food, one carb food, and one fat food designated per meal. An
inappropriate designation such as designating table salt as a fat food will usually result
in a quantity of zero. Negative quantities in designated foods indicate too much protein,
carb, or fat in non-designated foods. To remove a portion control designation, type the
food number and the designation you want to remove; for instance, if food #5 is designated
as a fat food, type "5 f" to remove the designation, or else type a new pcf command that
does not include food #5 as a fat food. There is also an extension to the feature to
balance a meal for Thiamin "t", Pantothenic Acid "n", Vitamin E "e", Calcium "l", Iron
"i", Potassium "k", and Zinc "z", but these commands have to be issued individually and
not as part of a "pcf" command. These additional commands "t", "n", "e", "l", "i", "k",
and "z" are only valuable when meals habitually lack the specified nutrient and it makes
sense to try to get some of the nutrient at every meal to avoid a large cumulative
deficiency.

For the program analysis to come out right you must record all the meals the program is
set for. For instance, if set for three meals, and you eat more than three, combine them
into three; if you eat less than three, record some mimimal item such as an ounce of water
for each missing meal. (See below under "Delete Meals and Set Meals Per Day" for the
means to set the program to between 1 and 19 meals per day instead of the default 3.)

Analyze Meals and Food Suggestions: An analysis of meals in the database is presented in
terms of the percentage of each nutrient, where 100% signifies a rate of 100% of the DV
(Daily Value) per day. The program will analyze any subset of the latest meals recorded,
considering each meal to be an appropriate fraction of a day. By pressing "s" on the
analysis screen, nutrients for which the DV have not been achieved are listed, and some
random foods are chosen from the database which contain the additional nutrients. By
pressing "e" all values are reset to the absolute values in the analysis to provide an
easy method to compare periods (this feature is not in the graphical interface). By
pressing "o" all DV defaults are restored replacing comparison mode. By pressing "d" the
display alternates between DV percentages, absolute values of the DV nutrients, and a
series of screens of all additional nutrients in the database. There is a "p" option
that moves the screens back the other way. When you leave the analysis screen (or the
"View Foods" screen) with a particular set of nutrients showing, that set of nutrients
will be used in the other functions in the program, including printing menus, ranking
foods, and drawing graphs.

If the value "(nd)" shows up on a screen, it signifies the database has no data for that
particular nutrient for the foods viewed.

If the analysis screen is brought up during "Record Meals", it analyzes backwards from the
meal being viewed, which might not be the last meal; however, the "Analyze Meals" screen
from main menu option 2 always analyzes from the last meal in the database.

The "Record Meals" and "Analyze Meals" analyses each separately remember how many meals
were last analyzed, so that a user could, for example, always look at a single meal on the
"Record Meals" analysis, and always look at a couple of weeks of meals on "Analyze Meals",
but not have to specify how many meals each time.

Shortcut to food rankings and graphs: From the analysis screen you can type the name of a
nutrient as shown, such as Calcium with the capital "C", and if NUT can find the nutrient,
it will provide the food ranking and graph functions for that nutrient directly without
having to go back to the Main Menu and navigate the hierarchy. You only have to type
enough of the beginning of the nutrient name so that NUT can uniquely identify the
nutrient.

Delete Meals and Set Meals Per Day: Some or all of the collected meals may be removed from
the database; or an automatic feature may be selected which keeps the meal database from
getting unnecessarily huge, deleting the oldest meals in excess of a number of meals set
by the user. When all meals are deleted, an option may be set to change the program's
default from 3 meals a day to 1 to 19 meals a day.

View Foods: Foods can be viewed using the same interface as for "Record Meals," specifying
whatever serving size the user wishes to see analyzed for nutrient content, and if
necessary typing a "d" or "p" to change the display to a different set of nutrients. You
can type just the beginning of a food name or a part of a food name, and a numbered menu
of all possible completions continues to be shown until a unique food is chosen.

If the value "(nd)" shows up on a screen, it signifies the database has no data for that
particular nutrient for the foods viewed.

Add Foods and Modify Serving Sizes: This item has three selections, "Add a Recipe," "Add a
Labeled Food," and "Modify Serving Sizes."

To add a recipe, foods are selected in exactly the same way as adding a meal, a number of
servings or weight is entered for each food, and the recipe is recorded. Then the
software divides the recipe into the number of servings desired, and provides an
opportunity to adjust the weight of the servings to allow for water gained or lost in
preparation.

NUT allows you to add a labeled food with an ordered list of ingredients and a nutrition
statement (this feature is not in the graphical interface). The new food will have
additional nutrients that were not on the nutrition statement, but that the database says
are in the food. First, the labeled food is named. Next the program requests that the
food's listed ingredients be found in the order of greatest to least. Do not worry about
ingredients you cannot find. No amount or weight is set for any ingredient--the
ingredient is simply selected. Selected ingredients may be grouped with parentheses where
an ingredient number is followed by either "(", ")", or "!" to begin a group, end a
group, or remove a group indicator. To delete an ingredient, simply type its number; to
move an ingredient, type its number, an "m", and the destination--such as "5m2". When the
ingredient list is complete, the nutrient lists are presented so the nutritional
information can be copied into the program. Whenever you quit a nutrient screen, an
opportunity is presented to select a different set of nutrients. The "DV" percentages for
this part of the program are the USA standard 2000-calorie Daily Values, and not any
customized options--but users can always set the label's nutrient information in grams.
Only Daily Value nutrients greater than zero are considered as constraints when NUT
constructs an approximate recipe in order to fill in nutrient values that were not
expressed on the food label. Occasionally the "recipe" that NUT estimates for a packaged
food will only show a "trace" of every ingredient, and this is NUT's way of saying that
according to the food database, there is no way to match the ingredients with the
constraints of the nutrition statement. After the recipe is displayed there is an
additional opportunity to edit the nutrient values. Perhaps the food was so heavily
fortified with vitamins that the user waited until after NUT constructed a recipe to
specify the additional vitamin amounts. Whatever the rationale for additional editing,
the user has total control over the nutritional information no matter what NUT's
approximate recipe suggested. The new food record is saved in the database in the same
manner as a recipe.

To modify the serving size of an existing food, the food is selected and the serving sizes
on file are displayed so one can be selected. Alternately, the user may simply type in
his own serving size consisting of number of grams, the serving unit (such as cups or
tablespoons), and the serving quantity.

View Nutrients and Rank Foods: The nutrients are reviewed and one of the nutrients is
selected to list all the foods rich in that nutrient. The food database can be queried in
this manner for nutrients per 100 grams, per 100 grams dry weight, per 100 grams within a
USDA-defined food group, per 100 calories, per serving, per serving minimizing some other
nutrient, and per recorded meals (average intake per day). The set of nutrients operated
on are the last set viewed or analyzed.

The "Rank Foods per Recorded Meals" option is useful for discovering which foods
contribute the most to your intake of a particular nutrient. When you use "Record Meals"
to view a meal earlier than your last meal, this "per recorded meals" option looks back
from that same meal, to show which foods you were eating during that earlier period.
Likewise, the program remembers how many meals were last analyzed, and only searches that
subset of meals to find which foods to list.

Note that processed foods which contain hydrogenated vegetable oil or significant "trans-"
fats may not contain as much of the essential fatty acids as the program shows because the
USDA database does not yet completely distinguish between essential fatty acids and the
"trans-" fats, which cannot serve for essential fatty acids in the body.

Set Personal Options and Log Weight: These screens set options for nutrient levels to use
when analyzing meals. Some of the carbohydrate and protein settings are mutually
exclusive and affect the fat percentages as carbs, protein, and fat of course must total
100%; however, calories per gram vary from food to food, so the percentage of calories
from carbs, protein, and fat will vary even if grams of each remain constant, so consider
these settings approximations.

The options for polyunsatured fat and the "Omega-6/3 Balance" target select reference
values (there are no "Daily Values" for these) based on Dr. William Lands' empirical
equation for the percentages of Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids in tissue phospholipids
based on diet. The program recomputes all fatty acid values automatically whenever the
analysis changes.

"Weight Log Regression" does not tell you what you weigh; what it does is apply linear
regression to a series of daily weight and body fat percentage entries to smooth out the
random noise and tell you which direction your weight is trending, how fast it is going
there, and how much of the change is lean or fat. To make a daily entry, type the weight
and body fat percentage at the prompt, like this: "150.2 17.9". If you did not measure
the body fat percentage, just type the weight. This algorithm is free of units, so it
will work with weights in pounds or kilos or even stone (but not stone plus pounds). The
daily entry is automatically timestamped, so it should be entered into the program
immediately after measurement and the program will not accept more than one entry per day.
If you want to erase the weight log and start over, just type a "!", or you may directly
edit the file "WLOG.txt" in the ".nut-nutrition" directory. Clearing the weight log
leaves the very last entry in order to quickly start a new cycle of logging. The daily
lean and fat mass totals can be seen explicitly by looking at the "WLOG.aux" file in the
".nut-nutrition" directory.

The "Calorie Auto-Set" feature utilizes "Weight Log Regression" in a special way to
automatically optimize the calorie level to improve body composition. Since the user is
inputting daily weight and body fat percentage measurements and eating according to the
calorie level shown, NUT can determine if fat mass is going down and lean mass is going up
at that particular calorie level. If so, NUT does nothing. If fat mass is going up, NUT
lowers the calories by 20. If both fat mass and lean mass are going down, NUT raises the
calories by 20. If NUT makes calorie adjustments and is able to correct the direction of
the regression lines and thus achieve true progress, NUT then automatically clears the
weight log to start the cycle again, and initializes the new weight log with the terminus
of the previous regression. Therefore, each regression cycle between clearings should
reflect lean mass going up and and fat mass going down. Cycles alternate between the
previously described cycle which preferentially prevents fat mass gain and an inverse
cycle which preferentially prevents lean mass loss: In this alternate cycle, if lean mass
is going down, NUT raises the calories by 20, but if both lean and fat mass are going up,
NUT lowers the calories by 20. The automatic clearing of the weight log signals success
for a cycle, but there may be periods of progress when no calorie adjustments are
necessary.

Plot Daily and Monthly Trends: The list of nutrients is presented and one nutrient is
chosen for its level to be graphed facing a plot of protein, carbohydrate, and fat
calories. The user enters the number of the nutrient plus a letter, either "d" or "m" to
specify "daily" or "monthly" i.e., "22m". It is only necessary to enter the "d" or "m"
once in order to set the mode. Monthly graphs cover the entire period of the meal
database; daily graphs cover 36 days back from the last meal viewed or analyzed. The
graphs of Daily Values for fat are special and show the constituent fat types symbolically
where . = non-fatty acid constituents, s = saturated, m = monounsaturated, 6 = unspecified
Omega-6, 3 = unspecified Omega-3, L = linoleic acid, A = arachidonic acid, n = linolenic
acid, e = EPA, and d = DHA. In a similar vein, the "Total Carb" graph shows non-fiber
carb as "." and fiber as ":".

Record 'The Usual'--Customary Meals: When NUT asks what you are having, you can answer
"the usual." Specifically, this function allows you to record a customary meal, and give
it a name. Later, when recording a regular meal, all these foods can be added to the meal
quickly by typing "theusualname", where "name" is the name you gave to the customary meal.
Foods added this way can be individually deleted from the meal, and other foods added,
because this function does not make the individual foods lose their identity as in "Add a
Recipe."

Print Menus from Meal Database: Makes a printable file (called "menus.txt" in the current
directory) which lists foods and quantities recorded for each meal, and a nutrient
analysis that is the sum of nutrients for each meal, not the rate of nutrient intake as on
the "Analyze Meals" screen. In common with other functions in the program, it looks back
from the last meal recorded or analyzed, only prints the number of meals last analyzed,
and prints that set of nutrients last displayed on an analysis or "View Foods" screen.

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