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PROGRAM:

NAME

perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide

DESCRIPTION

These are general guidelines for how to write POD documentation for Perl scripts and
modules, based on general guidelines for writing good UNIX man pages. All of these
guidelines are, of course, optional, but following them will make your documentation more
consistent with other documentation on the system.

The name of the program being documented is conventionally written in bold (using B<>)
wherever it occurs, as are all program options. Arguments should be written in italics
(I<>). Function names are traditionally written in italics; if you write a function as
function(), Pod::Man will take care of this for you. Literal code or commands should be
in C<>. References to other man pages should be in the form "manpage(section)" or
"L<manpage(section)>", and Pod::Man will automatically format those appropriately. The
second form, with L<>, is used to request that a POD formatter make a link to the man page
if possible. As an exception, one normally omits the section when referring to module
documentation since it's not clear what section module documentation will be in; use
"L<Module::Name>" for module references instead.

References to other programs or functions are normally in the form of man page references
so that cross-referencing tools can provide the user with links and the like. It's
possible to overdo this, though, so be careful not to clutter your documentation with too
much markup. References to other programs that are not given as man page references
should be enclosed in B<>.

The major headers should be set out using a "=head1" directive, and are historically
written in the rather startling ALL UPPER CASE format; this is not mandatory, but it's
strongly recommended so that sections have consistent naming across different software
packages. Minor headers may be included using "=head2", and are typically in mixed case.

The standard sections of a manual page are:

NAME
Mandatory section; should be a comma-separated list of programs or functions
documented by this POD page, such as:

foo, bar - programs to do something

Manual page indexers are often extremely picky about the format of this section, so
don't put anything in it except this line. Every program or function documented by
this POD page should be listed, separated by a comma and a space. For a Perl module,
just give the module name. A single dash, and only a single dash, should separate the
list of programs or functions from the description. Do not use any markup such as C<>
or B<> anywhere in this line. Functions should not be qualified with "()" or the
like. The description should ideally fit on a single line, even if a man program
replaces the dash with a few tabs.

SYNOPSIS
A short usage summary for programs and functions. This section is mandatory for
section 3 pages. For Perl module documentation, it's usually convenient to have the
contents of this section be a verbatim block showing some (brief) examples of typical
ways the module is used.

DESCRIPTION
Extended description and discussion of the program or functions, or the body of the
documentation for man pages that document something else. If particularly long, it's
a good idea to break this up into subsections "=head2" directives like:

=head2 Normal Usage

=head2 Advanced Features

=head2 Writing Configuration Files

or whatever is appropriate for your documentation.

For a module, this is generally where the documentation of the interfaces provided by
the module goes, usually in the form of a list with an "=item" for each interface.
Depending on how many interfaces there are, you may want to put that documentation in
separate METHODS, FUNCTIONS, CLASS METHODS, or INSTANCE METHODS sections instead and
save the DESCRIPTION section for an overview.

OPTIONS
Detailed description of each of the command-line options taken by the program. This
should be separate from the description for the use of parsers like Pod::Usage. This
is normally presented as a list, with each option as a separate "=item". The specific
option string should be enclosed in B<>. Any values that the option takes should be
enclosed in I<>. For example, the section for the option --section=manext would be
introduced with:

=item B<--section>=I<manext>

Synonymous options (like both the short and long forms) are separated by a comma and a
space on the same "=item" line, or optionally listed as their own item with a
reference to the canonical name. For example, since --section can also be written as
-s, the above would be:

=item B<-s> I<manext>, B<--section>=I<manext>

Writing the short option first is recommended because it's easier to read. The long
option is long enough to draw the eye to it anyway and the short option can otherwise
get lost in visual noise.

RETURN VALUE
What the program or function returns, if successful. This section can be omitted for
programs whose precise exit codes aren't important, provided they return 0 on success
and non-zero on failure as is standard. It should always be present for functions.
For modules, it may be useful to summarize return values from the module interface
here, or it may be more useful to discuss return values separately in the
documentation of each function or method the module provides.

ERRORS
Exceptions, error return codes, exit statuses, and errno settings. Typically used for
function or module documentation; program documentation uses DIAGNOSTICS instead. The
general rule of thumb is that errors printed to "STDOUT" or "STDERR" and intended for
the end user are documented in DIAGNOSTICS while errors passed internal to the calling
program and intended for other programmers are documented in ERRORS. When documenting
a function that sets errno, a full list of the possible errno values should be given
here.

DIAGNOSTICS
All possible messages the program can print out and what they mean. You may wish to
follow the same documentation style as the Perl documentation; see perldiag(1) for
more details (and look at the POD source as well).

If applicable, please include details on what the user should do to correct the error;
documenting an error as indicating "the input buffer is too small" without telling the
user how to increase the size of the input buffer (or at least telling them that it
isn't possible) aren't very useful.

EXAMPLES
Give some example uses of the program or function. Don't skimp; users often find this
the most useful part of the documentation. The examples are generally given as
verbatim paragraphs.

Don't just present an example without explaining what it does. Adding a short
paragraph saying what the example will do can increase the value of the example
immensely.

ENVIRONMENT
Environment variables that the program cares about, normally presented as a list using
"=over", "=item", and "=back". For example:

=over 6

=item HOME

Used to determine the user's home directory. F<.foorc> in this
directory is read for configuration details, if it exists.

=back

Since environment variables are normally in all uppercase, no additional special
formatting is generally needed; they're glaring enough as it is.

FILES
All files used by the program or function, normally presented as a list, and what it
uses them for. File names should be enclosed in F<>. It's particularly important to
document files that will be potentially modified.

CAVEATS
Things to take special care with, sometimes called WARNINGS.

BUGS
Things that are broken or just don't work quite right.

RESTRICTIONS
Bugs you don't plan to fix. :-)

NOTES
Miscellaneous commentary.

AUTHOR
Who wrote it (use AUTHORS for multiple people). It's a good idea to include your
current e-mail address (or some e-mail address to which bug reports should be sent) or
some other contact information so that users have a way of contacting you. Remember
that program documentation tends to roam the wild for far longer than you expect and
pick a contact method that's likely to last.

HISTORY
Programs derived from other sources sometimes have this. Some people keep a
modification log here, but that usually gets long and is normally better maintained in
a separate file.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
For copyright

Copyright YEAR(s) YOUR NAME(s)

(No, (C) is not needed. No, "all rights reserved" is not needed.)

For licensing the easiest way is to use the same licensing as Perl itself:

This library is free software; you may redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

This makes it easy for people to use your module with Perl. Note that this licensing
example is neither an endorsement or a requirement, you are of course free to choose
any licensing.

SEE ALSO
Other man pages to check out, like man(1), man(7), makewhatis(8), or catman(8).
Normally a simple list of man pages separated by commas, or a paragraph giving the
name of a reference work. Man page references, if they use the standard
"name(section)" form, don't have to be enclosed in L<> (although it's recommended),
but other things in this section probably should be when appropriate.

If the package has a mailing list, include a URL or subscription instructions here.

If the package has a web site, include a URL here.

Documentation of object-oriented libraries or modules may want to use CONSTRUCTORS and
METHODS sections, or CLASS METHODS and INSTANCE METHODS sections, for detailed
documentation of the parts of the library and save the DESCRIPTION section for an
overview. Large modules with a function interface may want to use FUNCTIONS for similar
reasons. Some people use OVERVIEW to summarize the description if it's quite long.

Section ordering varies, although NAME must always be the first section (you'll break some
man page systems otherwise), and NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, and OPTIONS generally always
occur first and in that order if present. In general, SEE ALSO, AUTHOR, and similar
material should be left for last. Some systems also move WARNINGS and NOTES to last. The
order given above should be reasonable for most purposes.

Some systems use CONFORMING TO to note conformance to relevant standards and MT-LEVEL to
note safeness for use in threaded programs or signal handlers. These headings are
primarily useful when documenting parts of a C library.

Finally, as a general note, try not to use an excessive amount of markup. As documented
here and in Pod::Man, you can safely leave Perl variables, function names, man page
references, and the like unadorned by markup and the POD translators will figure it out
for you. This makes it much easier to later edit the documentation. Note that many
existing translators will do the wrong thing with e-mail addresses when wrapped in L<>, so
don't do that.

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