pvm_introPVM - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

PVM, pvm_intro - Parallel Virtual Machine System Version 3

DESCRIPTION

PVM is a software system that enables a collection of heterogeneous computers to be used
as a coherent and flexible concurrent computational resource.

The individual computers may be shared- or local-memory multiprocessors, vector
supercomputers, specialized graphics engines, or scalar workstations, that may be
interconnected by a variety of networks, such as ethernet, FDDI.

User programs written in C, C++ or Fortran access PVM through library routines (libpvm3.a
and libfpvm3.a).

Daemon programs (pvmd3) provide communication and process control between computers.

MACHINE ARCHITECTURE

In the PVM system, machines are assigned a short string to identify their architectures
(this includes operating system type as well as CPU type). The types currently predefined
in the distribution are:
AFX8 Alliant FX/8
ALPHA DEC Alpha/OSF-1
ALPHAMP DEC Alpha/OSF-1 / using shared memory
AIX46K IBM/RS6000 / AIX 4.x
AIX4MP IBM SMP / shared memory transport / AIX 4.x
AIX4SP2 IBM SP-2 / using MPI / AIX 4.x
APOLLO HP 300 running Domain/OS
ATT AT&T/NCR 3600 running SysVR4
BAL Sequent Balance
BFLY BBN Butterfly TC2000
BSD386 80[345]86 running BSDI or BSD386
CM2 Thinking Machines CM-2 Sun front-end
CM5 Thinking Machines CM-5
CNVX Convex using IEEE floating-point
CNVXN Convex using native f.p.
CRAY Cray
CRAY2 Cray-2
CRAYSMP Cray S-MP
CSPP Convex Exemplar
CYGWIN POSIX emulation layer on top of Windows32
DGAV,DGIX Data General Aviion
E88K Encore 88000
FREEBSD 80[345]86 running FreeBSD
HP300 HP 9000 68000 cpu
HPPA HP 9000 PA-Risc
HPPAMP HP 9000 PA-Risc / shared memory transport
KSR1 Kendall Square
I860 Intel RX Hypercube
IPSC2 Intel IPSC/2
LINUX 80[345]86 running Linux
LINUXALPHA DEC Alpha running Linux
LINUXARM Strogarm running Linux
LINUXHPPA HP 9000 running Linux
LINUXPPC PowerPC running Linux
LINUXSPARC Sparc running Linux
M88K Motorola M88100 running Real/IX
M88K Motorola M88100 running Real/IX
MASPAR Maspar
MIPS Mips
NETBSDALPHA DEC Alpha running NetBSD
NETBSDAMIGA Amiga running NetBSD
NETBSDARM32 Strongarm running NetBSD
NETBSDHP300 HP 300 running NetBSD
NETBSDI386 80[345]86 running NetBSD
NETBSDM68K Any Motorola 68K running NetBSD
NETBSDMAC68K Macintosh running NetBSD
NETBSDMIPSEB Mips EB running NetBSD
NETBSDMIPSEL Mips EL running NetBSD
NETBSDNS32K NS32K running NetBSD
NETBSDPMAX DEC Pmax running NetBSD
NETBSDPOWERPC PowerPC running NetBSD
NETBSDSH3 SH3 running NetBSD
NETBSDSPARC Sparc running NetBSD
NETBSDSPARC64 Sparc64 running NetBSD
NETBSDSUN3 SUN 3 running NetBSD
NETBSDVAX Vax running NetBSD
NEXT NeXT
OS2 OS/2
PGON Intel Paragon
PMAX DEC/Mips arch (3100, 5000, etc.)
RS6K IBM/RS6000 / AIX 3.x
RS6KMP IBM SMP / shared memory transport / AIX 3.x
RT IBM/RT
SCO 80[345]86 running SCO Unix
SGI Silicon Graphics IRIS
SGI5 Silicon Graphics IRIS running OS 5.0
SGI6 Silicon Graphics IRIS running OS >= 6.0
SGI64 Silicon Graphics IRIS running 64 bit
SGIMP Silicon Graphics IRIS / OS 5.x / using shared memory
SGIMP6 Silicon Graphics IRIS / OS 6.x / using shared memory
SGIMP64 Silicon Graphics IRIS / 64 bit / using shared memory
SP2MPI IBM SP-2 / using MPI / AIX 3.x
SUN3 Sun 3
SUN4 Sun 4, 4c, sparc, etc.
SUN4SOL2 Sun 4 running Solaris 2.x
SUNMP Sun 4 / using shared memory / Solaris 2.x
SX3 NEC SX-3
SYMM Sequent Symmetry
TITN Stardent Titan
U370 IBM 3090 running AIX
UTS2 Amdahl running UTS
UVAX DEC/Microvax
UWARE Uware
UXPM Fujitsu running UXP/M
VCM2 Thinking Machines CM-2 Vax front-end
WIN32 Windows 95/98/NT
X86SOL2 80[345]86 running Solaris 2.x

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

The following environment variables are read by PVM and may be set in order to customize
your PVM environment. To set them, you can add commands to your .cshrc or .profile or
equivalent shell startup file. See the manual page for the shell you normally use for
information about how to do this. You can also include an appropriate shell startup file
stub to set PVM environment variables and to add PVM directories to your execution path.
Inert the matching stub file, pvm3/lib/cshrc.stub, pvm3/lib/kshrc.stub or
pvm3/lib/bashrc.stub, after your declaration of PVM_ROOT in your shell startup file.

For csh users: Note that setting them in .login does not have the same effect. The .login
script file is only read when you are actually logging in, whereas .cshrc is read every
time csh starts up. PVM needs to have environment variables set when it starts a slave
pvmd with "rsh host pvmd ...", so they must be set in .cshrc.

For those using a shell that doesn't always read a startup script (e.g. sh, ksh), there is
another way to set environment variables for PVM. Before running the PVM executables, the
pvm and pvmd startup scripts source any commands in $HOME/.pvmprofile if this file exists.

The following environment variables are supported by PVM 3.4.4:

PVM_ROOT
The path where PVM libraries and system programs are installed, for example
/usr/local/pvm3 or $HOME/pvm3. This variable must be set on each host where PVM is
used in order for PVM to function. There is no default value.

PVM_TMP
The path for PVM temporary files, such as the daemon socket file pvmd.<uid> and the
log file pvml.<uid>. Use this environment variable to use a directory other than
/tmp (or C:\TEMP on Win32), or to introduce added security by using a protected
subdirectory in /tmp that is owned by your userid and cannot be easily corrupted.

PVM_RSH
The path to the "rsh" program on your system, if different than that defined in the
$PVM_ROOT/conf/$PVM_ARCH.def configuration file. This environment variable can
also be used to replace "rsh" with "ssh" for added security.

PVM_PATH
The execution path to be searched for PVM programs on your system. By default, PVM
looks in $HOME/pvm3/bin/$PVM_ARCH and $PVM_ROOT/bin/$PVM_ARCH for your PVM
applications. This environment variable does not override the ep= host file
option.

PVM_WD The working directory for spawned PVM programs on your system. By default, PVM
spawns your PVM applications in $HOME, but for convenience in accessing data or
input files using relative path names, an alternate working directory can be
specified. This environment variable does not override the wd= host file option.

PVM_EXPORT
Names of environment variables to export from a parent task to children tasks
through pvm_spawn(). Multiple names must be separated by ':'. If PVM_EXPORT is
not set, no environment is exported.

PVM_DEBUGGER
The debugger script to use when pvm_spawn() is called with PvmTaskDebug set. The
default is $PVM_ROOT/lib/debugger.

PVM_DPATH
The path of the pvmd startup script (default is $PVM_ROOT/lib/pvmd). It is
overridden by host file option dx=.

This variable is useful if you use a shell that doesn't automatically execute a
startup script (such as .cshrc) to allow setting PVM_ROOT on slave (added) hosts.
If you set it to the absolute or relative path of the pvmd startup script (for
example /usr/local/pvm3/lib/pvmd or pvm3/lib/pvmd), the script will automatically
set PVM_ROOT. Note that for this to work, you must set it to run the pvmd script,
not the pvmd3 executable itself.

PVM_WINDPATH
This variable serves the same purpose as the PVM_DPATH above, but specifically for
Win32 systems. This second environment variable allows for alternate specification
of the path to the pvmd3.exe daemon executable using appropriate DOS file path
syntax and environment variables (e.g. %PVM_ROOT%\lib\WIN32\pvmd3.exe).

PVMHOSTFILE
Specifies the path to an optional host file to be used by default when starting
PVM. This alleviates the need to manually pass a host file path argument to the
"pvm" console or "pvmd" script when starting PVM.

PVMDLOGMAX
Sets the maximum length of the pvmd error log file. Default value is the
PVMDLOGMAX parameter in the source, 1 Mbyte.

PVMDDEBUG
Sets the default pvmd debugging mask (as does the pvmd -d option). Value can be in
hexadecimal (0x...), octal (0...) or decimal. Used to debug the pvmd (not intended
to be used to debug application programs).

PVMTASKDEBUG
Sets the default libpvm debugging mask (as does pvm_setopt(PvmDebugMask, x)).
Value can be in hexadecimal (0x...), octal (0...) or decimal. Used to debug libpvm
(not intended to be used to debug application programs).

PVMTASK
Sets additional flag bits for the pvm_spawn() library call. Allows override at run
time of flags compiled into the pvm_spawn() calls in PVM application, e.g. to turn
on PvmTaskDebug for popping up child tasks in a debugger window.

PVMBUFSIZE
Sets the size of the shared memory buffers used by libpvm and the pvmd. The
default value is 1048576. If your program composes messages longer than this size,
you must increase it.

PVM_VMID
A new feature in PVM 3.4.4 is the concept of a "Virtual Machine ID". You can now
set the PVM_VMID environment variable to an arbitrary string (or use the "id="
option in a host file, see man page for pvmd3), and this will distinguish and allow
multiple virtual machines to run on the same set of hosts under the same userid.
(This feature was originally introduced by SGI in their commercial PVM product, and
has now been generalized for the public PVM system.) This feature seems to be
something that people often want, and the PVM_VMID is the cleanest way to provide
this functionality, rather than overloading the SHAREDTMP compiler flag and other
internals.
Setting the PVM_VMID environment variable before starting PVM will create an
encapsulated virtual machine with the given VMID name. By default, all other hosts
which are added to this virtual machine will inherit the same VMID. If hosts are
added to the virtual machine which are running older versions of PVM (prior to
3.4.4), then the VMID will be ignored for those hosts, and hence these machines can
only be added to one virtual machine for the given user. The VMID need not be
consistent on every host in a virtual machine (although this is not necessarily
advisable), and the VMID can be set for individual hosts using the "id=" host file
option (see man page for pvmd3).

The following environment variables are used by PVM internally. With the exception of
PVM_ARCH, their values should not be modified. This is for information only.

PVM_ARCH
The PVM architecture name of the host on which it is set, used to distinguish
between machines with different executable (a.out) formats. Copies of a program
for different architectures are installed in parallel directories named for PVM
architectures.

PVMSOCK
Is passed from pvmd to spawned task, and gives the address of the pvmd local
socket.

PVMEPID
Holds the expected process id of a spawned task exec'd by the pvmd. This is a
magic cookie used by the task to identify itself when reconnecting to the pvmd, in
order to get the correct task slot.

PVMTMASK
The libpvm trace mask, passed from the pvmd to spawned tasks.

PVMTRCBUF
The libpvm trace buffer size. If specified determines the number of bytes of trace
event message buffer to be collected before sending to front-end tracer program.

PVMTRCOPT
The libpvm trace option setting. Determines the level of tracing to be performed
on invocations of PVM library calls.

PVMINPLACEDELAY
Used to optimize sending of PvmDataInPlace messages on MPP systems.

PVMKEY PVM uses this value, combined with the process id, to generate shared-memory
segment keys. The default value is your numeric uid. PVM automatically detects
collisions when generating a key and picks a new key, so it should almost never
need to be set explicitly.

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