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PROGRAM:
NAME
sleep — suspend execution for an interval
SYNOPSIS
sleep time
DESCRIPTION
The sleep utility shall suspend execution for at least the integral number of seconds
specified by the time operand.
OPTIONS
None.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
time A non-negative decimal integer specifying the number of seconds for which to
suspend execution.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of sleep:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or
null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 8.2,
Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization
variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other
internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data
as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in
arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of
diagnostic messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
If the sleep utility receives a SIGALRM signal, one of the following actions shall be
taken:
1. Terminate normally with a zero exit status.
2. Effectively ignore the signal.
3. Provide the default behavior for signals described in the ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS section
of Section 1.4, Utility Description Defaults. This could include terminating with a
non-zero exit status.
The sleep utility shall take the standard action for all other signals.
STDOUT
Not used.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 The execution was successfully suspended for at least time seconds, or a SIGALRM
signal was received. See the ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS section.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
The sleep utility can be used to execute a command after a certain amount of time, as in:
(sleep 105; command) &
or to execute a command every so often, as in:
while true
do
command
sleep 37
done
RATIONALE
The exit status is allowed to be zero when sleep is interrupted by the SIGALRM signal
because most implementations of this utility rely on the arrival of that signal to notify
them that the requested finishing time has been successfully attained. Such
implementations thus do not distinguish this situation from the successful completion
case. Other implementations are allowed to catch the signal and go back to sleep until the
requested time expires or to provide the normal signal termination procedures.
As with all other utilities that take integral operands and do not specify subranges of
allowed values, sleep is required by this volume of POSIX.1‐2008 to deal with time
requests of up to 2147483647 seconds. This may mean that some implementations have to make
multiple calls to the delay mechanism of the underlying operating system if its argument
range is less than this.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
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