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Installing Ubuntu 18.04 “Bionic Beaver” For arm64 ix
1. Welcome to Ubuntu 1
1.1. What is Ubuntu? 1
1.1.1. Sponsorship by Canonical 1
1.2. What is Debian? 1
1.2.1. Ubuntu and Debian 2
1.2.1.1. Package selection 2
1.2.1.2. Releases 3
1.2.1.3. Development community 3
1.2.1.4. Freedom and Philosophy 3
1.2.1.5. Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives 4
1.3. What is GNU/Linux? 4
1.4. Getting Ubuntu 5
1.5. Getting the Newest Version of This Document 5
1.6. Organization of This Document 5
1.7. Your Documentation Help is Welcome 6
1.8. About Copyrights and Software Licenses 6
2. System Requirements 8
2.1. Supported Hardware 8
2.1.1. Supported Architectures 8
2.1.2. Variations in ARM CPU designs and support complexity 8
2.1.3. Platforms supported by Ubuntu/arm64 9
2.1.3.1. Other platforms 9
2.1.4. Multiple Processors 9
2.1.5. Graphics Hardware Support 9
2.1.6. Network Connectivity Hardware 10
2.1.7. Peripherals and Other Hardware 10
2.2. Devices Requiring Firmware 10
2.3. Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux 10
2.3.1. Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware 11
2.4. Installation Media 11
2.4.1. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM 11
2.4.2. Network 12
2.4.3. Hard Disk 12
2.4.4. Un*x or GNU system 12
2.4.5. Supported Storage Systems 12
2.5. Memory and Disk Space Requirements 12
3. Before Installing Ubuntu 14
3.1. Overview of the Installation Process 14
3.2. Back Up Your Existing Data! 15
3.3. Point release and HWE kernel 15
3.4. Information You Will Need 15
3.4.1. Documentation 15
3.4.1.1. Installation Manual 15
3.4.1.2. Hardware documentation 16
3.4.2. Finding Sources of Hardware Information 16
3.4.3. Hardware Compatibility 16
3.4.3.1. Testing hardware compatibility with a Live-System 18
3.4.4. Network Settings 18
3.5. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements 19
3.6. Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems 19
3.7. Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup 20
3.7.1. Systems with U-Boot firmware 20
3.7.1.1. Setting the ethernet MAC address in U-Boot 21
3.7.1.2. Kernel/Initrd/Device-Tree relocation issues in U-Boot 21
3.7.2. Systems with UEFI firmware 22
4. Obtaining System Installation Media 23
4.1. Official Ubuntu CD-ROMs 23
4.2. Downloading Files from Ubuntu Mirrors 23
4.2.1. Where to Find Installation Images 23
4.3. Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting 23
4.3.1. Setting up RARP server 24
4.3.2. Setting up a DHCP server 24
4.3.3. Setting up a BOOTP server 25
4.3.4. Enabling the TFTP Server 25
4.3.5. Move TFTP Images Into Place 26
4.4. Automatic Installation 26
4.4.1. Automatic Installation Using the Ubuntu Installer 26
4.4.2. Automatic Installation Using Kickstart 26
4.4.2.1. Additions 27
4.4.2.2. Missing features 28
4.4.2.3. Example 28
5. Booting the Installation System 31
5.1. Booting the Installer on 64-bit ARM 31
5.1.1. Console configuration 31
5.1.2. Juno Installation 31
5.1.3. Applied Micro Mustang Installation 31
5.1.4. Booting by TFTP 32
5.1.4.1. TFTP-booting in U-Boot 32
5.2. Accessibility 33
5.2.1. Installer front-end 34
5.2.2. Board Devices 34
5.2.3. High-Contrast Theme 34
5.2.4. Zoom 34
5.2.5. Preseeding 34
5.2.6. Accessibility of the installed system 34
5.3. Boot Parameters 34
5.3.1. Boot console 35
5.3.2. Ubuntu Installer Parameters 35
5.3.3. Using boot parameters to answer questions 38
5.3.4. Passing parameters to kernel modules 39
5.3.5. Blacklisting kernel modules 40
5.4. Troubleshooting the Installation Process 40
5.4.1. CD-ROM Reliability 40
5.4.1.1. Common issues 40
5.4.1.2. How to investigate and maybe solve issues 40
5.4.2. Boot Configuration 42
5.4.3. Interpreting the Kernel Startup Messages 42
5.4.4. Reporting Installation Problems 42
5.4.5. Submitting Installation Reports 42
6. Using the Ubuntu Installer 44
6.1. How the Installer Works 44
6.2. Components Introduction 45
6.3. Using Individual Components 47
6.3.1. Setting up Ubuntu Installer and Hardware Configuration 47
6.3.1.1. Check available memory / low memory mode 47
6.3.1.2. Selecting Localization Options 48
6.3.1.3. Choosing a Keyboard 49
6.3.1.4. Looking for the Ubuntu Installer ISO Image 49
6.3.1.5. Configuring the Network 49
6.3.1.5.1. Automatic network configuration 50
6.3.1.5.2. Manual network configuration 50
6.3.1.5.3. IPv4 and IPv6 50
6.3.1.6. Configuring the Clock and Time Zone 50
6.3.2. Setting Up Users And Passwords 51
6.3.2.1. Create an Ordinary User 51
6.3.3. Partitioning and Mount Point Selection 51
6.3.3.1. Supported partitioning options 52
6.3.3.2. Guided Partitioning 53
6.3.3.3. Manual Partitioning 54
6.3.3.4. Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID) 55
6.3.3.5. Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) 58
6.3.3.6. Configuring Encrypted Volumes 59
6.3.4. Installing the Base System 62
6.3.5. Installing Additional Software 62
6.3.5.1. Configuring apt 62
6.3.5.1.1. Installing from more than one CD or DVD 63
6.3.5.1.2. Using a network mirror 63
6.3.5.1.3. Choosing a network mirror 64
6.3.5.2. Selecting and Installing Software 64
6.3.6. Making Your System Bootable 65
6.3.6.1. Detecting other operating systems 65
6.3.6.2. Making the system bootable with flash-kernel 65
6.3.6.3. Continue Without Boot Loader 66
6.3.7. Finishing the Installation 66
6.3.7.1. Setting the System Clock 66
6.3.7.2. Reboot the System 66
6.3.8. Troubleshooting 66
6.3.8.1. Saving the installation logs 66
6.3.8.2. Using the Shell and Viewing the Logs 67
6.3.9. Installation Over the Network 67
6.4. Loading Missing Firmware 69
6.4.1. Preparing a medium 69
6.4.2. Firmware and the Installed System 70
7. Booting Into Your New Ubuntu System 71
7.1. The Moment of Truth 71
7.2. Mounting encrypted volumes 71
7.2.1. Troubleshooting 71
7.3. Log In 72
8. Next Steps and Where to Go From Here 74
8.1. Shutting down the system 74
8.2. If You Are New to Unix 74
8.3. Orienting Yourself to Ubuntu 74
8.3.1. Ubuntu Packaging System 74
8.3.2. Additional Software Available for Ubuntu 75
8.3.3. Application Version Management 75
8.3.4. Cron Job Management 75
8.4. Further Reading and Information 75
8.5. Setting Up Your System To Use E-Mail 76
8.5.1. Default E-Mail Configuration 76
8.5.2. Sending E-Mails Outside The System 76
8.5.3. Configuring the Exim4 Mail Transport Agent 77
8.6. Compiling a New Kernel 78
8.6.1. Kernel Image Management 78
8.7. Recovering a Broken System 79
A. Installation Howto 82
A.1. Booting the installer 82
A.1.1. Booting from CDROM 82
A.1.2. Booting from network 82
A.2. Installation 82
A.3. And finally 83
B. Automating the installation using preseeding 84
B.1. Introduction 84
B.1.1. Preseeding methods 84
B.1.2. Limitations 85
B.1.3. Debconf basics 85
B.2. Using preseeding 85
B.2.1. Loading the preconfiguration file 86
B.2.2. Using boot parameters to preseed questions 86
B.2.3. Auto mode 87
B.2.4. Aliases useful with preseeding 89
B.2.5. Using a DHCP server to specify preconfiguration files 89
B.3. Creating a preconfiguration file 90
B.4. Contents of the preconfiguration file (for bionic) 91
B.4.1. Localization 91
B.4.2. Network configuration 92
B.4.3. Network console 94
B.4.4. Mirror settings 94
B.4.5. Account setup 95
B.4.6. Clock and time zone setup 96
B.4.7. 64-bit ARM specific disk storage 96
B.4.8. Partitioning 96
B.4.8.1. Partitioning example 97
B.4.8.2. Partitioning using RAID 98
B.4.8.3. Controlling how partitions are mounted 99
B.4.9. Base system installation 100
B.4.10. Apt setup 100
B.4.11. Package selection 101
B.4.12. Finishing up the installation 102
B.4.13. Preseeding other packages 102
B.5. Advanced options 103
B.5.1. Running custom commands during the installation 103
B.5.2. Using preseeding to change default values 103
B.5.3. Chainloading preconfiguration files 104
C. Partitioning for Ubuntu 105
C.1. Deciding on Ubuntu Partitions and Sizes 105
C.2. The Directory Tree 105
C.3. Recommended Partitioning Scheme 106
C.4. Device Names in Linux 107
C.5. Ubuntu Partitioning Programs 108
D. Random Bits 109
D.1. Linux Devices 109
D.1.1. Setting Up Your Mouse 109
D.2. Disk Space Needed for Tasks 110
D.3. Disk Space Needed 110
D.4. Installing Ubuntu from a Unix/Linux System 111
D.4.1. Getting Started 111
D.4.2. Install debootstrap 112
D.4.3. Run debootstrap 112
D.4.4. Configure The Base System 113
D.4.4.1. Configure Apt 113
D.4.4.2. Install additional packages 113
D.4.4.3. Create device files 114
D.4.4.4. Mount Partitions 114
D.4.4.5. Setting Timezone 115
D.4.4.6. Configure Networking 116
D.4.4.7. Configure Locales and Keyboard 117
D.4.5. Install a Kernel 117
D.4.6. Set up the Boot Loader 117
D.4.7. Remote access: Installing SSH and setting up access 118
D.4.8. Finishing touches 118
D.4.9. Create a User 119
D.5. Installing Ubuntu using PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) 119
E. Administrivia 121
E.1. About This Document 121
E.2. Contributing to This Document 121
E.3. Major Contributions 121
E.4. Trademark Acknowledgement 122
F. GNU General Public License 123
F.1. Preamble 123
F.2. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 123
F.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 127