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PROGRAM:

NAME

ykpersonalize - personalize YubiKey OTP tokens

SYNOPSIS

ykpersonalize [-1 | -2] [-sfile] [-ifile] [-fformat] [-axxx] [-cxxx] [-ooption] [-y] [-v]
[-d] [-h] [-n] [-t] [-u] [-x] [-z] [-m] [-S] [-V]

OPTIONS

Set the AES key, user ID and other settings in a YubiKey. For the complete explanation of
the meaning of all parameters, see the reference manual: YubiKey manual ⟨http://
yubico.com/files/YubiKey_manual-2.0.pdf⟩

-1 change the first configuration. This is the default and is normally used for true
OTP generation. In this configuration, the option flag -oappend-cr is set by
default.

-2 change the second configuration. This is for YubiKey II only and is then normally
used for static key generation. In this configuration, the option flags -oappend-
cr, -ostatic-ticket, -ostrong-pw1, -ostrong-pw2 and -oman-update are set by
default.

-z delete configuration in selected slot

-sfile save configuration to file instead of key. (if file is -, send to stdout)

-ifile read configuration from file. (if file is -, read from stdin) Configuration import
is only valid for the ycfg format.

-fformat
format to be used with -s and -i. Valid options are ycfg and legacy.

-a[xxx]
the AES secret key as a 32 (or 40 for OATH-HOTP/HMAC CHAL-RESP) char hex value (not
modhex) (none to prompt for key on stdin) If -a is not used a random key will be
generated.

-cxxx A 12 char hex value (not modhex) to use as access code for programming. NOTE: this
does NOT SET the access code, that's done with -oaccess=.

-ooption
change configuration option. Possible option arguments are

fixed=fffffffffff
The modhex public identity of the YubiKey, 0-32 characters long (encoding up
to 16 bytes). It's possible to give the identity in hex as well, just
prepend the value with `h:'. The fixed part is emitted before the OTP when
the button on the YubiKey is pressed. It can be used as an identifier for
the user, for example.

uid=uuuuuu
The uid part of the generated OTP, also called private identity, in hex.
Must be 12 characters long. The uid is 6 bytes of static data that is
included (encrypted) in every OTP, and is used to validate that an OTP was
in fact encrypted with the AES key shared between the YubiKey and the
validation service. It cannot be used to identify the YubiKey as it is only
readable to those that know the AES key.

access=fffffffffff
New hex access code to set. Must be 12 characters long. If an access code
is set, it will be required for subsequent reprogramming of the YubiKey.

oath-imf=xxx
Set OATH Initial Moving Factor. This is the initial counter value for the
YubiKey. This should be a value between 0 and 1048560, evenly dividable by
16.

[-]ticket-flag
Set/clear ticket flag, see the section `Ticket flags'

[-]configuration-flag
Set/clear ticket flag, see the section `Configuration flags'

-y always commit without prompting

-d dry-run, run without writing a YubiKey

-v Be more verbose

-h Help

-V Version

YubiKey Neo only

-m mode
set device configuration for the YubiKey. It is parsed in the form
mode:cr_timeout:autoeject_timeout
where mode is:
0 OTP device only.
1 CCID device only.
2 OTP/CCID composite device.
3 U2F device only.
4 OTP/U2F composite device.
5 U2F/CCID composite device.
6 OTP/U2F/CCID composite device.
Add 80 to set MODE_FLAG_EJECT, for example: 81
cr_timeout is the timeout in seconds for the YubiKey to wait on button press
for challenge response (default is 15)
autoeject_timeout is the timeout in seconds before the card is automatically
ejected in mode 81

-n URI Program NFC NDEF URI

-t text
Program NFC NDEF text

YubiKey 3.0 and above

-S0605...
set the scanmap to be used with the YubiKey NEO. It must be 45 unique bytes
as 90 characters. Leave argument empty to reset to the YubiKey's default.
The scanmap must be sent in the order:
cbdefghijklnrtuvCBDEFGHIJKLNRTUV0123456789!\t\r.
the default scanmap in the YubiKey is:
06050708090a0b0c0d0e0f111517181986858788898a8b8c8d8e8f
9195979899271e1f202122232425269e2b28
an example for simplified us dvorak would be:
0c110b071c180d0a0619130f120e09378c918b879c988d8a869993
8f928e89b7271e1f202122232425269e2b28
or for a french azerty keyboard (digits are shifted):
06050708090a0b0c0d0e0f111517181986858788898a8b8c8d8e8f
9195979899a79e9fa0a1a2a3a4a5a6382b28
and a turkish example (has a dotless i instead of usual i):
06050708090a0b340d0e0f111517181986858788898a8b8c8d8e8f
9195979899271e1f202122232425269e2b28
Note that you must remove any whitespace present in these examples before
using the values.

YubiKey 2.3 and above

-u Update existing configuration, rather than overwriting

-x Swap configuration slot 1 and 2 inside the YubiKey

Ticket flags

[-]tab-first
Send a tab character as the first character. This is usually used to move to the
next input field.

[-]append-tab1
Send a tab character between the fixed part and the one-time password part. This is
useful if you have the fixed portion equal to the user name and two input fields
that you navigate between using tab.

[-]append-tab2
Send a tab character as the last character.

[-]append-delay1
Add a half-second delay before sending the one-time password part. This option is
only valid for firmware 1.x and 2.x.

[-]append-delay2
Add a half-second delay after sending the one-time password part. This option is
only valid for firmware 1.x and 2.x.

[-]append-cr
Send a carriage return after sending the one-time password part.

YubiKey 2.0 firmware and above

[-]protect-cfg2
When written to configuration 1, block later updates to configuration 2. When
written to configuration 2, prevent configuration 1 from having the lock bit set.

YubiKey 2.1 firmware and above

[-]oath-hotp
Set OATH-HOTP mode rather than YubiKey mode. In this mode, the token functions
according to the OATH-HOTP standard.

YubiKey 2.2 firmware and above

[-]chal-resp
Set challenge-response mode.

Configuration flags

[-]send-ref Send a reference string of all 16 modhex characters before the fixed part.
This can not be combined with the -ostrong-pw2 flag.

[-]pacing-10ms
Add a 10ms delay between key presses.

[-]pacing-20ms
Add a 20ms delay between key presses.

[-]static-ticket
Output a fixed string rather than a one-time password. The password is still based
on the AES key and should be hard to guess and impossible to remember.

YubiKey 1.x firmware only

[-]ticket-first
Send the one-time password rather than the fixed part first.

[-]allow-hidtrig
Allow trigger through HID/keyboard by pressing caps-, num or scroll-lock twice.
Not recommended for security reasons.

YubiKey 2.0 firmware and above

[-]short-ticket
Limit the length of the static string to max 16 digits. This flag only makes sense
with the -ostatic-ticket option. When -oshort-ticket is used without -ostatic-
ticket it will program the YubiKey in "scan-code mode", in this mode the key sends
the contents of fixed, uid and key as raw keyboard scancodes. For example, by
using the fixed string h:8b080f0f122c9a12150f079e in this mode it will send Hello
World! on a qwerty keyboard. This mode sends raw scan codes, so output will differ
between keyboard layouts.

[-]strong-pw1
Upper-case the two first letters of the output string. This is for compatibility
with legacy systems that enforce both uppercase and lowercase characters in a
password and does not add any security.

[-]strong-pw2
Replace the first eight characters of the modhex alphabet with the numbers 0 to 7.
Like -ostrong-pw1, this is intended to support legacy systems.

[-]man-update
Enable user-initiated update of the static password. Only makes sense with the
-ostatic-ticket option. This is only valid for firmware 2.x.

YubiKey 2.1 firmware and above

[-]oath-hotp8
When set, generate an 8-digit HOTP rather than a 6-digit one.

[-]oath-fixed-modhex1
When set, the first byte of the fixed part is sent as modhex.

[-]oath-fixed-modhex2
When set, the first two bytes of the fixed part is sent as modhex.

[-]oath-fixed-modhex
When set, the fixed part is sent as modhex.

oath-id=m:OOTTUUUUUUUU
Configure OATH token id with a provided value. See description of this option
under the 2.2 section for details, but note that a YubiKey 2.1 key can't report its
serial number and thus a token identifier value must be specified.

YubiKey 2.2 firmware and above

[-]chal-yubico
Yubico OTP challenge-response mode.

[-]chal-hmac
Generate HMAC-SHA1 challenge responses.

[-]hmac-lt64
Calculate HMAC on less than 64 bytes input. Whatever is in the last byte of the
challenge is used as end of input marker (backtracking from end of payload).

[-]chal-btn-trig
The YubiKey will wait for the user to press the key (within 15 seconds) before
answering the challenge.

[-]serial-btn-visible
The YubiKey will emit its serial number if the button is pressed during power-up.
This option is only valid for the 2.x firmware line.

[-]serial-usb-visible
The YubiKey will indicate its serial number in the USB iSerial field. This option
is not available in the 3.0 and 3.1 firmwares.

[-]serial-api-visible
The YubiKey will allow its serial number to be read using an API call.

oath-id[=m:OOTTUUUUUUUU]
Configure OATH token id with a provided value, or if used without a value use the
standard YubiKey token identifier.

The standard OATH token id for a Yubico YubiKey is (modhex) OO=ub, TT=he, (decimal)
UUUUUUUU=serial number.

The reason for the decimal serial number is to make it easy for humans to correlate
the serial number on the back of the YubiKey to an entry in a list of associated
tokens for example. Other encodings can be accomplished using the appropriate
oath-fixed-modhex options.

Note that the YubiKey must be programmed to allow reading its serial number,
otherwise automatic token id creation is not possible.

See section "5.3.4 - OATH-HOTP Token Identifier" of the YubiKey manual ⟨http://
yubico.com/files/YubiKey_manual-2.0.pdf⟩ for further details.

YubiKey 2.3 firmware and above

[-]use-numeric-keypad
Send scancodes for numeric keypad keypresses when sending digits - helps with some
keyboard layouts. This option is only valid for the 2.x firmware line.

[-]fast-trig
Faster triggering when only configuration 1 is available. This option is always in
effect on firmware versions 3.0 and above.

[-]allow-update
Allow updating of certain parameters in a configuration at a later time.

[-]dormant
Hides/unhides a configuration stored in a YubiKey.

YubiKey 2.4/3.1 firmware and above

[-]led-inv
Inverts the behaviour of the led on the YubiKey.

OATH-HOTP Mode

When using OATH-HOTP mode, a HMAC key of 160 bits (20 bytes, 40 chars of hex) can be
supplied with -a.

Challenge-response Mode

In CHAL-RESP mode, the token will NOT generate any keypresses when the button is pressed
(although it is perfectly possible to have one slot with a keypress-generating
configuration, and the other in challenge-response mode). Instead, a program capable of
sending USB HID feature reports to the token must be used to send it a challenge, and read
the response.

Modhex

Modhex is a way of writing hex digits where the “digits” are chosen for being in the same
place on most keyboard layouts.

To convert from hex to modhex, you can use
tr "[0123456789abcdef]" "[cbdefghijklnrtuv]"

To convert the other way, use
tr "[cbdefghijklnrtuv]" "[0123456789abcdef]"

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